How Fascism Managed To Come To Power in Italy, In 1922 Essay

How Fascism Managed To Come To Power in Italy, In 1922 - Essay Example National belonging to an ethnicity is highly emphasized in this ideology. It does not promote any tenets of democracy. These range from free media, individual freedom and legislation of laws. Clearly, the attempts to impose the fascist ideas have led to war. For instance, the World War II and the holocaust show the effects of fascism. Fascist movements stand against all other political ideologies and only borrow the ideal-type characteristics that emphasized on ethnicity. Although the emphasis on fascism was nationalism, its main appeal was international. In fascism, there is intense political patriotism, and it is in this that the fascist leaders build their main foundation on. In this essay, I will discuss factors that enhanced the success of fascism in Italy during Benito Mussolini’s regime. The paper majorly focuses on explaining how the success was due to the anti-party characteristic of fascism. Benito Mussolini was the founder and leader of fascism in Italy. From his ea rly life, there was immense interest in fascism as the best technique to improving the system in Italy. As a journalist, his main topics covered on fascism. Mussolini was a prime minister in Italy after the First World War. His fascist ideas propelled him to become a powerful figure in Italian politics by this time. After the First World War, most economies were shattered including Italy’s economy. It is in this respect that Mussolini emerged as a fascist leader. He developed ideas against communism and explained that it was the reason for failure of the Italian state. His fascist ideas were aptly informed and in most cases, they were populist-based. There was unrest in most cities since the unemployment levels were on the rise (Burgwyn, 2012 p16). In his quest to initiate fascism in Italy, Mussolini promised to build Italy and recreate the Roman Empire. He developed armed gangs known as the Blakshirts who dealt with criminal any people causing trouble. This group also dissol ved protests and strikes. In some Italian cities, the fascist were the police officers. Clearly, fascism by Mussolini was a technique and not a doctrine. He used it to gain credibility that is more public. Mussolini rose as the prime minister when he threatened to organize demonstrations in Rome, in October 1992. This was during the reign of King Emmanuel III. Since Mussolini had great public support, his wish was granted by the king (Townley, 2002 p98). The king understood that he was in no position to counter Mussolini’s effect on all the people in Italy. Fascism by this time had grown in terms of public support. Once Mussolini became the prime minister, the king allowed him to be a dictator for a year. Up to this time, there was evident cowardice depicted by King Emmanuel. Mussolini then developed his fascist ideologies in full swing. He reformed most of the existing systems in Italy. These are in the sense of political, social and economic structures in Italy. Clearly, fa scism was a technique used, by Mussolini, to achieve nationalism in Italy but also gain an international appeal. In his first functions as the new prime minister, Mussolini turned Italy to a totalitarian state. He restructured everything in the Italian state. This was on an effort to build fascism as a strong ideology in Italy. The government had total control over everything in Italy. As the prime ministe

Google Essay Example for Free

Google Essay Google is one of the most desirable companies to work for on the planet. To find out how to get a job at Google, I spoke with William Poundstone, who is the author of Are You Smart Enough to Work at Google?. He is the author of twelve books, including How Would You Move Mount Fuji? and Fortune’s Formula, which was Amazon Editors’ pick for the #1 nonfiction book of the year in 2005. He has written for the New York Times, Harper’s, Harvard Business Review, and the Village Voice, among other publications. In this interview, he talks about the hardest question that they ask you, how to survive each of the five interviews, and much more. What is the single hardest question they ask you when interviewing at Google? â€Å"What number comes next in this sequence: 10, 9, 60, 90, 70, 66†¦? † Move up http://i. forbesimg. com tMove down What Employers Are Thinking When They Look At Your Facebook Page Kashmir HillKashmir HillForbes Staff The Companies That Give The Toughest Job Interviews Jacquelyn SmithJacquelyn SmithForbes Staff The Best Companies To Work For Jacquelyn SmithJacquelyn SmithForbes Staff This question is hard because you either see the â€Å"trick† or you don’t. Nothing you learned in school is likely to help. Try spelling out the numbers—you’ll see that they are in order of the number of letters in the word. â€Å"Sixty-six† has eight letters, so the next number must have nine. One possible answer is â€Å"ninety-six. † How many rounds of interviews do you have to go through and how many people survive each round? Google applicants have about five interviews. The company’s human resources people have given a lot of thought to that number. They believe in the â€Å"wisdom of crowds,† so they want multiple opinions of each applicant. But they’re done research and found little or no marginal value after five interviews. Normally every applicant goes through all five rounds. The only exceptions are the rare cases where a candidate is clearly unsuitable after the first couple of interviews. What kind of intelligence do you need to solve the many puzzles they give you during interviews? They want many types of intelligence. Google’s interviewers try to design questions that test (1) whether you know your field of expertise; (2) whether you can apply what you know in an unfamiliar context; and (3) whether you can make â€Å"creative† leaps to arrive at a solution. Their best questions operate on all these levels. How do you go about getting a leg up on the competition? It’s not just about getting a â€Å"right answer. † They’re interested in your thought process, and your whole explanation counts. Because these are difficult questions, the first answer or approach that pops into your head is almost always wrong. That provides a way to get a running start on your answer: Explain to the interviewer how this â€Å"obvious† approach fails. You’re expected to brainstorm various approaches, but make sure you tie it all together at the end. The last thing a technology company wants is someone who never brings a project to completion! Who shouldn’t apply for jobs at Google? Why? Google is very clear about who it wants: extremely bright extroverts. The company is founded on intensive collaboration. This is reflected even in the office layout, with only a handful of private offices. (When employees feel an occasional need for privacy, they seek out an empty conference room. ) The stereotypical engineer—someone who works best alone and hates distractions—is probably not a good fit.

XML Query Routing in P2P Systems | Paper Critique

XML Query Routing in P2P Systems | Paper Critique Critique on XML Query Routing in Structured P2P Systems (Leonidas Fegaras, Weimin He, Gowtham Das, David Levine) Rahul Rayineni The structured peer-to-peer network is a decentralized architecture which consists of large number of nodes that share data and resources with other nodes. They use a distributed hash table to determine the location of data. The nodes in structured P2P systems maintains a list of neighbors so that they from a overlay network in which lookup time for a key take logarithmic number of routing hops between peers. They offer better availability and scalability than unstructured P2P systems but the main difficulty in using these systems lies in data placement and query processing as queries are more complex. If the queries are not properly optimized routing and processing takes lot of time. This paper demonstrates about data placement, querying, and indexing large data repositories distributed over an existing DHT based P2P systems like pastry (Reference 4 and 6). According to Leonidas Fegaras, Weimen He, Gautam das, and David Levine, There are lot of earlier proposals like XPath lookup queries in P2P networks(Reference1) and Locating data sources in large Distributed Systems(reference 3) on indexing and querying XML data distributed data over a P2P network but there is no work reported on complex XML query processing with full text search that uses data synopses to selectively route queries to peers. The framework proposed in this paper is implemented on DHT-based P2P system Pastry (Reference 4 and 6). But this framework can be implemented on any P2P infrastructure. This frameworks works on summarized data namely structural synopsis and data synopsis for mapping XML queries. The high query routing precision, low data placement and low maintenance overheads are achieved through novel data synopses structures. This framework gives more accurate evaluation of textual and containment constraints in a query compared to bloom filters. The publishing process makes the documents available to other peers while unpublishing is removing the document by the owner. If the peer wants to update the document first it will unpublish the document and later publish it again to reflect the document updates. According to Leonidas Fegaras, Weimen He, Gautam Das, and David Levine, The XPath syntax is modified to add the predicate e ~ S, where e is an arbitrary XPath expression that returns true if at least from the sequence returned by e matches the search specification, S. A search specification is an IR-style Boolean keyword query that takes the form term | S1 and S2 | S1 or S2 | (S) where S, S1 and S2 are search specifications. A term is a keyword that must be present in the text of an element returned by the expression e. The label path of an XML document consists of child/attribute steps and can distinguish non-empty set of data nodes in the document. There are two types of data synopses used in this framework in which one is content synopses that contain structural summary nodes associated with bit matrices. The second one is positional filters which are bit vectors consists of internal structure summary nodes and their positions. To achieve good load balance with small number of nodes structural summary information and data synopsis are distributed over the existing P2P network. This framework is capable of finding all possible structural summaries applicable to the query with one DHT lookup. The content synopses consists of index terms along with their positions. Index terms are formed breaking the document in to simple terms. The position of the index term depends on the position of its begin/end tags. The position of the elements tag depends on the number of the begin and end tags preceding the elements. So index terms of a same element consists of same positional range. The positional bit vector consists of all the positions of the document. According to Leonidas Fegaras, Weimen He, Gautam Das, and David Levine, The search specification e ~ t1 and t2 for two terms t1 and t2 becomes true if and only if there is at least one document node returned by e that contains both terms. Using one-dimensional term bitmaps alone, such as bloom filters, and checking whether both the t1 and t2 bits are on, will give us a prohibitive number of false positives. The core operation in this framework is containments filtering, CF(F,V) which test element containment. Here F is positional filter and V is a bit vector. The output of the above function is new positional filter F. In the bit vector V, if there is at least one bit is on with in this range it copies all the bits in F to F. Data placement involves placing of structural summary and data synopsis. The structural summaries are routed to every peer using every different tag name. Thus, with a single DHT lookup we can able to find out all structural summaries matching the structural footprint of the query. The label path of data synopsis is used in placing it. Since Multiple documents consists of label path , the synopsis from these documents is placed at a single peer. Thus with single DHT look up we can locate all the documents. Query routing involves collecting and filtering documents all the way. The triples(peer, document, positional-filter) are used as communication between the peers. They contain id of a matching document and owner of the document along with the document positions. At each peer size of the list is reduced by removing the documents whose positional filter are zeroes. The network updates like node arrival, departure and failure are handled by novel methods when the node arrives the overlay network, it invokes the Pastry method notifyReady() and start sending and receiving messages. It receives all the information like structural summaries and data synopses from its predecessor. Similarly when a node decides to leave the network, it routes all its structural summaries and data synopses to its successor and leave the network. This can be done using one single message. When peer doesnt find a matching structural summary the predecessor node may be failed. In this case peer chooses another tagname and search request to other peers to find structural summary. The Id of the failed predecessor is used to check for the node failure. If the predecessor is failed it will abort the query and scan the list again for the documents and send a message to publisher to publish the data. The main advantage of this method it will abort only one query at a time and d ata synopsis is restored that is associated with the failed peer The closest work to this is done by L.Galanis, Y.Wang, S. R.Jeffery, and D.J.DeWitt. locating data sources in large distributed systems.(Reference 3). In this framework, the distributed indexing targets location of data sources which is different from the framework in this paper. The structural summaries are similar to the one that are presented in this paper. Here they use the tag name of the element that contain the text as search key which is contrary to the framework in this paper in which text was broken before indexing and label paths are used as keys. They dont address the indexing cost also. According to Leonidas Fegaras, Weimen He, Gautam Das, and David Levine, the framework proposed by Galanis (Reference 3) is more suitable for data-centric XML data rather than to document-centric ones, since the later may include large text portions inside specific tag names, which results to the routing of large parts of document to the same nodes. Another related framework is by A. Boni fati, Xpath Lookup Queries in P2P Networks. WIDM 2004. in which XML data fragments are indexed based on their path. The search key is the hash value of its path. This framework answer simple Xpath queries in one peer hop. The drawback of this framework is it requires additional hops to retrieve complex data fragment. Also this framework doesnt support XPath predicates. There are other distributed summaries for XML data like XSketch(Reference 5) which is used in selectivity estimation than in query routing. In the paper presented by J.M. Bremer and M. Gertz on distributing XML repositories (Reference 2), the structural summary is used as a global scheme to show how XML data are fragmented and distributed over the network. My opinion of this paper, it provides best framework for XML routing in structured P2P networks. The data synopsis and content synopsis used for indexing are better than regular bloom filters. The framework maps a query with full-text search into a distributed program that migrates from peer to peer. The index terms used in this framework are label paths which are better single tag names used in the previous frameworks for routing XML data. The containment filtering of this framework is efficient in addressing the containment relationships between predicates in a query. It can find all structural summaries of a query using one DHT lookup. It can handle complicated XPath queries using structural summaries. The network updates are handled effectively using novel methods which are very crucial in structured P2P networks. The data placement strategy gives load balancing in the system. The framework is easily scalable and it can be implemented on top of any existing P2P infrastructure. References A. Bonifati, et al. XPath Lookup Queries in P2P Networks. WIDM 2004. J.-M. Bremer and M. Gertz. On Distributing XML Repositories. WebDB 2003. L.Galanis, Y.Wang, S.R.Jeery, and D. J. DeWitt. Locating Data Sources in Large Distributed Systems. VLDB 2003. Pastry. http://freepastry .rice.edu/. N. Polyzotis and M. Garofalakis. Structure and Value Synopses for XML Data Graphs. VLDB 2002. A. Rowstron and P . Druschel. Pastry: Scalable, Distributed Object Location and Routing for Large-Scale Peer-to-Peer Systems. International Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms 2001. The Motorcycle Diaries | An Analysis The Motorcycle Diaries | An Analysis During these novels it can be seen how important is the background in there, whether historical background and social one were deeply connected in the way the plot was developed, creating contrast and reflection about that current time in both stories. Besides, even they were written in different years they are a critical informers about the lack of moral in the American society in the 20s and in the other hand, the economical situation in Latin-America -specifically in South America -; the poverty that took part during the 50s and in some way also modified thinking and performance of that society. In a very short review, The Motorcycle Diaries tells the trip of two friends the 29 years old Alberto Granado and the main and later revolutionary character the 23 years old Ernesto Che Guevara, both university students of medicine that travel from Argentina to Venezuela, go passing from Chile, Peru and Colombia. Here the criticism of the social injustices of exploited mine workers; persecuted communists, ostracized lepers, and the tattered descendants of a once-great Incan civilization are the main themes of the novel. Opposite to The Motorcycle Diaries, The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, tells the story of Jay Gatsby, the Buchanan Family and Nick Carraway, the narrator of the story. The novel shows how the American society of the 20s recreated in the New York city was unwrapped in an environment of luxury, individualism, shallowness and appearances, all reflected in each of the characters in the plot of the book and at the same time are part of what Fitzgerald always idolized and wanted to get for himself. However, it is very important to remember that both stories were written in order to show to the reader deep situations that Fitzgerald like Guevara were involved with, trying to face them and leave a moral maybe. According to Che Guevara this trip was not only another experience gained during youth but also made of him another completely person; in his spirit: The person who recognizes and polishes them, me, is no longer, at least Im not the person once was (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦). Our America with a capital A, has changed me more than I thought (Page 16). But what are the experiences that made of him a totally different person, as it was mentioned previously, the poverty of this continent, the one of he belonged and the political practices far away of the real needs of people changed his view of the life. According to Guevara the hospitality of Chile To meet in Chile means invite (to a house)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ page 101 because in contrast with Argentina, Chile did not suffer the mix-up between Creoles and the Saxons that lived in the south in that country: creoles and Indians lived together in distances of each others. The lack of opportunities that Chilean people had for having a better life style was reflected and also how the community, reflection of society in general, disapproved the other people conditions coexisting in that way a kind of a mutual bitterness between the people who is a little bit better than the other one who lived in bad conditions, and the ones who are under the standard level of quality of life between the other people over their living conditions whose reproach them: and become a purely negative factor in the struggle for life, and consequently, a bitterness for healthy members of the community who resent their illness as if it were a personal insult to those who have to support them. (Page 70) Continuing in Chile and according to different issues that took part in the stay in this country; specifically in Valparaiso, they could find lots of social problems that the established government during that time did not solve, like the overcrowding and the almost inexistence of economical help for the community exposed in the following mention: is time that politicians and put less effort wasting time in the goddesses of their propaganda and more money, ( ), for solving the work in social profits. (Page 72). Moving forward in the story, the corruption, deceive, and the naivety of police and common citizens were involved each other. Moreover, placed in the North of Chile, Chuquicamata, they met a couple in the desert night who were communist, and where the men told them about the time he was in jail due to his political tendency; while the woman, his wife, followed him leaving their child with someone else until they got some money. This situation was particularly hard and sad for both Alberto and Che Guevara; for the last one added: (The couple) was the living image of proletariat in any place around the world (page 77) and according to Guevaras words being communist was considered like a sin while. That spirit produced the long for something better in the future, at least that was what the couple expected to get at the end, but is it worth putting your life in risk, in a work place where you can get a pulmonary disease and even dye, an leaving somebodys children alone just because of dreams? At this moment; at the beginning of the end, Granado and Guevara leave Chile for going on with their objectives at the north of this continent; and something else, even this is the goodbye of this long and narrow country Guevara keeps talking about the social differences evidenced and experienced by them and most of all, how the more powerful people in the history of this country, and in most of the countries for sure, applied his vigour over the rest of the common people immortalized in: the act of Valdivia represents the never deny effort of the men for achieving a place where to exert his irrefutable authority (page 85). Finally, some reflections written tell now the social situation of Chile, like he said in the whole South America and even worse. First of all the lack of awareness of health in everywhere, streets, hospitals and also in Chile existed low opportunities for working and the people; thereby, Chile showed a lower quality of life than Argentina, and no mattering those previous features of this isolated country, the life can be easily carry in the way people work hard and, of course, they do not belong to the communist party. While they were in Peru they could experienced that most of Peruvians believed that Argentina was like the land in which peoples dreams were made come true, and not only Peron was great but also Evita (Perons wife), where everything was good just because the Indians were not punished by the white man. Guevaras life, consciously or unconsciously, went around the pursuit of social justice, corruption and democracy. Since they started their journey and specifically when they arrived in Chile they were focused in different issues that embodied those moral behaviour in people and in the particular idiosyncrasy due to, nevertheless they went all over Chile, they could identified the cultural characteristics between southern and the more north people. And being in Peru they could be aware about their same life philosophy and ideals. However, some believes of those friends were not jut part or applicable in hierarchical relationships but also in the more typical important ones; between the community itself. When we kept on the route, the old Indian took off from his clothes a very appetizing corn and he offered it to us. Quickly we realized that he democratically divided into the same share out of the corn. (Page 115). In the same way, the emphasis of people who had been fired because of their political thinking, it is also an issue that must be not only for reader be aware of that but also Ernesto Guevara as itself and most of all to understand what was happening on that time; oppression against who were apposite to the government believes. Those situations were reflected in the couple of Chuquicamata and Puno a Peruvian indigenous who was expelled of the government due to the already mentioned facts. Summary from this fragment can be assumable during that decade South America was overwhelmed by the power of its leaders. Moreover, Punos words reflected about that current situation between the conqueror who have the nation and the forced ones who were trying to do their best in order to obtain what belongs(ed) to them; however, Guevara had interpreted those words like offensive to the Inca people: to themselves, so at that moment more than a potential Marxist el Che seemed an anarchist; against everything and everyone that subjugated to other, the Incas in this opportunity. At this moment, Guevara showed himself like a critical thinking person and at the same time a dreamer with clear aims for his life and for the other too. The Great Gatsby , like The Motorcycle Diaries, presented in its plot a social issue during the 20s, placed in America the story moved through the high society. The lack of values like honesty, friendship, loyalty, love, among many others is present into those peoples hearts. The well known American dream evoked the worst part of people for both the upper class and the recent one. But this is not just a fiction and successful story; whereby, the story itself was yet the reproduction of that society involved in individualism and shallowness. Therefore, that reality was embodied by Fitzgerald in this book. Throughout the story a big number of themes can be deeper developed. Every character is different to the other but all of them share the same behaviour, laying each other, being aware of appearances, and making the other pay for their own mistakes. Finally, whereas Gay Gatsby, the main character of the novel, it is important to focus on his personality and his life was developing since he worked to the rich man and then when he met Daisy and the goals in his life made them strong. After that, during the reunion with Daisy he showed for once one hundred percent honest and that proved the power of his dreams, which they came true partly but consequently, made of him a totally different person, ostentatious, layer and criminal and finally triggered his dead. For concluding, both novels are recognized by the whole globe, like inb Time Magazine on June the 14th of 1928 (page 5) due to his relation with the historical and social context in which both were written. The Motorcycle Diaries novel revealed the poverty in Latin American and in the other hand The Great Gatsby reflect the high American society before the Black Thursday in which the American dream was the symbolic icon of this society. Thereupon, some reflection can be drawing assuming that no matter how much money somebody have do not define what people are and there is plenty of evidence for that when Guevara told about the poor economical development in Latin America, however, he and Alberto could did their trip because the peoples help in most of the places they arrived. Opposite to that reality, Americas financial situation seemed good as well as the comfortable life for Americans, but if Guevara and company had decided do their journey to America they would certainly had to gi ve up to that odyssey, because people were not as generous as the one in the South. Expression totally opposite can be contrasted quickly, in order to understand the huge and deep feelings and thinking that separates our main characters. Expressions like proletariat and bourgeois page 125 can be easily found in the Latin American novel and that represented the social communist tendency of the writer. But in accordance to the social context of Fitzgerald novel, we can find lots of quotations which named luxury, fashionable, exuberant, money, and so on. So it can be easily to reader identify the environment in which this two celebrated plays were written. But as it was mentioned before, is it worth leave important thing away from you just for getting a dream?, or not just things but also people like leave your children them suffering in a place instead leave your dreams that make them suffering in a place where their dreams did not care at all. The best examples for each ones are the life in Valparaiso and Chuquica-mata. Or putted it in another way, is it worth to fight for a dream that maybe never would become real, until putting your life in danger, like Gay Gatsby did it with not worthwhile people like Daisy; and most of all, the characterization in Great Expectations suggests that money causes people unconsciously to isolate themselves from the rest of the world. Here you can reflect by yourself.

karate Essay -- essays research papers

Fighting Fighting, or kumite, is the freestyle use of moves one has learned. During this freestyle match, the students may use any technique they have learned in their training for either defensive or offensive purposes. Fighting is involved with probably only 30 % of skill the student has. However, this is a very important part of the whole. As mention earlier, katas help in perfecting the moves and the focus of executing them. On the other hand, fighting employs these moves. Practicing in fighting will assist in the timing and rhythm of the execution of the move. In a kata you have as long as you want to throw each kick, each block, each punch, and as much time to move into the next stance. During a fight, you must use these moves but timing must be involved as well. If the opponent throws a kick, you must make a decision and quick. You can block the kick, dodge the kick to the left, right, or step back, or you can decide to get hit. Now no one wants to get hit but if a decision isn’t made that will be the result. You must also be able to react fast enough to the oncoming kick with your decision. If you hesitate on your decision to step to the side, it will be to late and you could be on the ground trying to catch your breath. I know from experience. Well, let’s say you have successfully reacted to the kick and blocked it and your done right, wrong! Usually a skilled fighter won’t throw one punch or kick without following it up with 2 or 3 more attacks,... karate Essay -- essays research papers Fighting Fighting, or kumite, is the freestyle use of moves one has learned. During this freestyle match, the students may use any technique they have learned in their training for either defensive or offensive purposes. Fighting is involved with probably only 30 % of skill the student has. However, this is a very important part of the whole. As mention earlier, katas help in perfecting the moves and the focus of executing them. On the other hand, fighting employs these moves. Practicing in fighting will assist in the timing and rhythm of the execution of the move. In a kata you have as long as you want to throw each kick, each block, each punch, and as much time to move into the next stance. During a fight, you must use these moves but timing must be involved as well. If the opponent throws a kick, you must make a decision and quick. You can block the kick, dodge the kick to the left, right, or step back, or you can decide to get hit. Now no one wants to get hit but if a decision isn’t made that will be the result. You must also be able to react fast enough to the oncoming kick with your decision. If you hesitate on your decision to step to the side, it will be to late and you could be on the ground trying to catch your breath. I know from experience. Well, let’s say you have successfully reacted to the kick and blocked it and your done right, wrong! Usually a skilled fighter won’t throw one punch or kick without following it up with 2 or 3 more attacks,...

Mukcrakers 5.02

1. Define the term â€Å"Muckraker. † Be sure to include the name of the person who created it -Muckrakers were American journalists and novelists of the 20th century who exposed corruption in government and businesses. The term was created by Theodore Roosevelt. 2. Naturalism was a literary movement of the late 19th century that was an extension of Realism. What was the main focus of the Naturalistic writer? -The main focus of the Naturalistic writer was the fringes society, the criminal, the fallen, and the down-and-out 3.American Realists believed that humanity's freedom of choice was limited by the power of outside forces. How would this view differ from the perspective of the Romantic writer (think of someone like Emerson)? -Romantic writers believed that all people were encouraged torward self-development, and that everyone is valued as individuals from birth. They also believed in expressing themselves in ways that they chose, like art, and all kinds of expression. 4. I n  your  opinion, based on what you have read, why would post Civil War, newly industrialized America be attracted to the Realistic movement? It was an age of reform. There was so sugar coating things. The south was destroyed, newly frees blacks were in poverty, and the economy was bad. Change was happening but everything wasn’t lollipops and daises. 5. What is meant by the term â€Å"local color†? -Local color is also called regional literature. It is fictional literature about a certain region, which means the characters; the way they talk and live would all be they way things are in that specific region.

Explaining the French Expression À tes Souhaits

Explaining the French Expression tes Souhaits The French expression tes souhaits  (pronounced [a  tay  sweh])  is a social nicety and literally  translates to to your wishes. It has an informal  register  and is the equivalent of the English phrase bless you. Explanation  and Example You can and should use the French expression tes souhaits any time a friend sneezes (as long as youre not interrupting a speech or something). Unlike its English equivalent bless you, tes souhaits has no religious connotation whatsoever, instead offering the sneezer your hopes that his or her wishes will come true. If the person sneezes more than once, theres a more elaborate saying: After the first sneeze: A tes souhaits Second sneeze: tes amours Third sneeze: One of the following: avec un grand A et beaucoup de set tes enfantset ton argentet quelles durent toujoursque les tiennes durent toujoursNote: Elles and tiennes in the last two variations refer to amours. The formal equivalent vos souhaits can be addressed to a complete stranger with no risk of offense, but again, consider the context. On the bus: yes. During a business meeting: probably not. Souhaits is the plural of un souhait (wish), from the verb souhaiter (to wish).

Challenges Inherent in Repositioning a Fast Food Chain

Challenges Inherent in Repositioning a Fast Food Chain Introduction Repositioning is considered to be a very important process for any business because it involves a number of significant elements from the marketing sphere. The basics of repositioning touch upon such steps like product identity, its possible changes, relatives among the competing products, and evaluation of the opinions from the target market.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Challenges Inherent in Repositioning a Fast Food Chain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A careful and successfully carried out repositioning process can benefit the company in a very great way. While trying to reposition fast-food food, there are a number of challenges involved: highly incurred costs, hardly evaluated opinions, constant demand of products. Much money has to be spent during the repositioning process, and, in a period of financial crisis, as is the current situation, it is very important to come up with some cost-effe ctive strategies to succeed in the chosen process. The company should be fully aware of the new position that seeks to be established because a great amount of losses is possible and inabilities to recover from the crisis within a short period of time prevent proper development of activities. As a result of repositioning, the quality of the products has to be improved, the competing abilities may become stronger, and the fast food organization under analysis is able to define its weak and strong sides. Discussion Importance of SWOT analysis in repositioning To come up with an appropriate up-to-date Subway product line, it is important to carry out a SWOT analysis so that it will be easy to define several appropriate strategies on how to advertise and improve the product. A SWOT analysis is very important in the repositioning process. However, the macro trends are also important and help to determine the best approach to use in as far as repositioning and advertising are concerned. B ased on the SWOT analysis, it is apparent that there are several gaps that need to be put into consideration. While trying to update the product line and advertising of Subway, it is necessary to note that the current macro trends which are characterized by a great economic recession and improved technology (Bedekar, 2009). Unfortunately, due to the current economic crisis, it is not recommendable for the organization to address all the gaps involved. Under the conditions formed, the company should focus on how to maintain its customers as it continues to draw more from its competitors. The only way of doing this would be to make necessary improvements on the product and passing on information about the product. To achieve the purposes set, it is more reasonable to improve the chains of fast food, and to set the value of the products at affordable prices. Marketing strategy to be adopted by the Subway fast food chain based on the SWOT analysis Using up-to-date technology. An appropr iate marketing strategy is what any fast food chain needs to update: its product line as well as its advertising in light of the current macro trend has to undergo a number of changes. The best way of how an organization may update its product line is the method of improving its product decoration.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As obtained from the SWOT analysis, the company’s decoration was perceived to be outdated when compared with its competitors. The appearance of a product is what most customers use to decipher if the product is really worth buying in such times of financial difficulty. Up-to-date decoration of franchise. Currently, e-commerce has brought many changes with regard to marketing. The Subway should therefore us this new technology to do its marketing. While using e-commerce to market products, appearance of the product is very important , therefore the organization should improve its delivery of products with regard to decoration as well as the means of transmitting information (Hooley, Piercy, Nicoulaud, 2008). Fast food production line is the second largest fast-food chain in the world. Nowadays, under the currently developed technologies, it would be only appropriate if such a prestigious company was up-to-date with the on goings in regard to the macro trends. Recent studies show that the fast food representatives tried to reposition its product lines in relation to healthy and taste products. In the Figure One, comparison of the products of different fast food restaurants proves that Subway takes leading positions in the production of healthier and less calorie sandwiches. Each company seeks to present appropriate production improved in accordance with the same parameters. Therefore, it would be very important for the fast food chain to reposition its product line while putting into focus the frame of referenc e and the associated points of parity. Efficient services in delivery. The product and associated mode of delivery have to be taken into consideration as well. When the time to product or service delivery comes, an entrepreneur has to be ready to ensure the quality of a product and prove that it goes hand in hand with its appearance. The Subway is recognized to have the healthiest products of all the other fast food chains. With the help of the Figure Two, it is possible to find out what sort of components are inherent to the production under consideration, for example, for their Roast Beefs. Though a number of calories exceed the number of other useful elements, the ratio of harmful and healthy elements is better than in other organizations. However, its dà ©cor and service delivery system are not up to standards. The Subway therefore should consider quality products as its frame of reference while other factors like appearance, decoration, and the commitment of efficient service delivery should be the main points of parity. The fast food chain can decide to make delivery of a tasteful health sandwich, burger, or any other product the consumer may choose at their place of choice and convenience (Keller, Sternthal, Tybout, 2002).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Challenges Inherent in Repositioning a Fast Food Chain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Frequent communication with customers. The fast food chain should use updated technology with regard to Face Book, Twitter, Yahoo, and other related websites which have the youth as the main target because of their unbelievable passion to fast food restaurants and the services available. The Internet is the best media channel by means of which the fast food chain may develop its business. Through the Internet, the fast food chain will target a larger market share. In times of financial crisis, as evident in the current macro trends, constant commu nication and information transformation between the customers and sellers is very important. This is because information is very powerful at such times as opposed to commercial images. E-commerce is the best option to use during the processes of sending messages as opposed to delivery through post so as to save on cost and time (Prescott, 2002). Given the current economic recession, it is obvious that customers have also changed their preferences in regard to the way of how their money could be spent. The Subway fast food chain should make best use of the financial crisis to increase its market share. During an economic recession, consumers will not opt to spend more; therefore the most prudent way of handling this change in behaviour would be to reduce costs and prices of the products. According to Hooley (2008), an increase in marketing expenses does not lead to loss but does lead to the considerable gain with more profits. In addition, the market share increases. It is very impor tant for the fast food chain as it is still struggling to establish a steady customer base as opposed to its competitors (Hooley, Piercy, Nicoulaud, 2008). Current macro trends. The current macro trend of economic recession is associated with a change in advertising. It is very important to understand the behaviour change of customers. During a financial crisis, a customer will be more inclined to information instead of imaginary commercials. Therefore, the mode of advertising changes to one that is assuring and convincing enough as to build trust and confidence within the customer. This is because, during the financial crisis, the customer is in considerable need of a commodity and company that he or she can trust (Ferrell, Hartline, 2002).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In spite of the fact that promotion costs should not change, it is important to come up with commendable ways to promote the products. In such economic hard times, the customer is interested in obtaining the best value for his or her money (Tudor Silvia, 2009). Conclusion A repositioning is an obligatory process that has to be taken by any business organization in a prudent manner. The Subway product line needs to be updated with regard to quality products as the frame of reference with decoration and appearance as well as commitment in service as points of parity. In times of financial crisis as is with the current macro trend, building a good relationship with customers is very important. As a result, the market shares of the business is widened in the way that, even after the downturn, the market shares will still be large and in huge demand among potential customers. References Bedekar, VN 2009, Service Management. Microsoft PowerPoint presentation. Web. Ferrell, OC Hartline, MD 2002, Marketing Strategy, 4th Edition, Thomson South- Western, United States of America. Hooley, G, Piercy, N Nicoulaud, B 2008, Marketing Strategy and Competitive Positioning, 4th Ed, Pearson Education Limited, Harlow. Keller, KL, Sternthal, B Tybout, A 2002, Three Questions you need to ask about your Brand, Harvard Business Review, Harvard. Prescott, AC 2002, â€Å"Marriott Redefines the Shared Services Model†. Outlook, 1, 88-89. Tudor, N Silvia, P 2009, Marketing Strategies used in Crisis-Study Case, viewed on https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17743/1/MPRA_paper_17743.pdf Appendix Figure One: Sandwiches in Different Restaurants Compared Fast Food Restaurant Size of a Sandwich Calories Total Fat Saturate Fat McDonald’s 147 360 16 3.5 Subway 238 310 5 1.5 Hardee’s 250 370 21 7 Burger King 144 480 31 5 Jack in the Box 266 530 28 7 acaloriecounter.com/fast-food.php Figure Two: Components of a Subway Roast Beef

Fascism And Its Political Ideas Essays - Fascism, Far-right Politics

Fascism And Its Political Ideas Essays - Fascism, Far-right Politics Fascism and its Political Ideas Fascism is a form of counter-revolutionary politics that first arose in the early part of the twentieth-century in Europe. It was a response to the rapid social upheaval, the devastation of World War I, and the Bolshevik Revolution. Fascism is a philosophy or a system of government the advocates or exercises a dictatorship of the extreme right, typically through the merging of state and business leadership, together with an ideology of aggressive nationalism. Celebrating the nation or the race as an organic community surpassing all other loyalties. This right-wing philosophy will even advocate violent action to maintain this loyalty which is held in such high regards. Fascism approaches politics in two central areas, populist and elitist. Populist in that it seeks to activate "the people" as a whole against perceived oppressors or enemies and to create a nation of unity. The elitist approach treats as putting the people?s will on one select group, or most often one supreme leader called El Duce, from whom all power proceeds downward. The two most recognized names that go along with Fascism are Italy?s Benito Mussolini and Germany?s Adolf Hitler. The philosophy of Fascism can be traced to the philosophers who argue that the will is prior to and superior to the intellect or reason. George Sorel, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Georg Hegal are main philosophers who?s beliefs and ideologies greatly influenced the shaping of Fascist theory. Sorel (1847-1922) was a French social philosopher who had a major influence on Mussolini. Sorel believed that societies naturally became decadent and disorganized. This decay could only be slowed by the leadership of idealists who were willing to use violence to obtain power. Nietzsche (1844-1900) theorized that there were two moral codes: the ruling class ( master morality) and the oppressed class (slave morality). Nietzsche believed the ancient empires were developed from the master majority and the religious ideas and views grew out the slave majority. The idea of the "overman" or superman which symbolized man at his most creative and highest intellectual capacity was brought about by Nietzsche as well. Hegal believed people should sacrifice for the community. He thought war was also necessary to unify the state, with peace bring nothing but a weak society. Hegal also sustained that laws should be made by the corporate organization of the state. Fascism values human nature in a group for the benefit of the community. The group as a whole is called the human will, which is ruled by a select group or one leader, with the power being passed down from top to bottom. Fascism seeks to organize an organization led mass movement in an effort to capture the state power. When the power is in the firm grip of the ruler, or IL Duce, the government will be used to control the population and everything in it so the community will be benefited. Fascism?s ideal government would be fashioned around the good of the community or nation. Everyone would work for the benefit of the nation and that is all. Regularly this would take place with the merging of the state and business leadership, with concern only of the nation. In this the nation will also take care of its members if the need should arise. This could be money ,shelter, food, or any other need that might come about. The ideology of Fascism has been identified with totalitarianism, state terror, fanaticism, arranged violence, and blind obedience. Adolf Hitler established his own personal ideology, Mein Kampf, which means My Struggle. The book was written while Hitler was in prison and not yet in power. Mussolini fashioned his ideology after he took control of Italy. Despite their two different angles on the use of Fascism Hitler and Mussolini both worked similarly on how they established their principles in the same basic manner. Their principles came from basic responses to various issues the leaders faced. Fascism is an authoritarian political movement that developed in Italy and other European countries after 1919 as a reaction against the profound political and social changes brought about from inflation, and declining social, economic, and political conditions. Italy, which was ready for a new political aspect, was the birthplace of fascist ideology. Benito Mussolini was the man who brought this ideology

Language, Culture, and Learning by Heath and Street Essay

Language, Culture, and Learning by Heath and Street - Essay Example The authors make a distinction between organizations such as clubs and companies which come into being and fade away as required within society, and institutions like governments and education systems which are a much more permanent fixture in society (Heath and Street 5). These entities are important for ethnographers because they reflect the fundamental norms of each society. A person’s use of language, or in many cases of several languages, can reflect a whole range of cultural norms and patterns and so this, too, is an area of interest for those who wish to study and understand human behaviour in all kinds of settings. The authors make the point that identity and roles arise largely from learning which is gained through language and then expressed also through linguistic means, including such details as accent and hand gestures which vary quite considerably between different groups (Heath and Street 4). The authors underpin their essay with some standard definitions of lin guistic features such as language and grammar and they emphasize the symbolic aspects of communication as well as its systematic patterns. There is a more critical discussion, however, about the definition of another key concept in this essay: the concept of culture. In this matter there is a clear rejection of standard definitions of culture as one of those nouns which â€Å"lead people to believe in fixed boundaries around things and events as well as beliefs and values† (Heath and Street 8). It is proposed that culture should be understood as a verb, or in other words, the focus should be on what people do rather than what they are imagined to be. An ethnographer must appreciate the difference between the rather rigid â€Å"meta-narratives† (Heath and Street 9) which organizations and institutions develop in order to sustain and promote themselves and the much more fluid way in which individuals move between different patterns and learn to express a range of culture s in their actions and their language. The metaphor of the juggler illustrates how an individual acquires new abilities through selecting his or her own goals and seeking out opportunities to learn both overt knowledge and tacit knowledge. Students in learn overtly from books and lectures, for example, but a juggler learns also through using his or her body in an intuitive way which may not be fully understood by the conscious mind. This tacit knowledge is acquired only by doing the chosen activity again and again, and letting the body find its own way of accomplishing desired feats remembering how to do this effectively. An interesting example based on the work of Hutchins (1995) is used to show how groups of people can develop this adaptive kind of learning also, through a combination of relying on earlier representations of similar groups and situations, and forming identities and patterns in the present time. People interact with tools and objects, and with each other, in very c omplex ways in order to complete difficult tasks such as ocean navigation, for example. The ethnographer observing such interactions must therefore be aware of the systemic qualities of culture as well as the ways that individuals perform that culture in both conscious and intuitive ways. The example of canoes being navigated without scientific instruments contrasts with the way that students learn in formal education, however, because the latter process concentrates on the

Decolonization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Decolonization - Essay Example This implies that the colonizers were starting to view colonialism as a negative aspect because it led to violence and destruction of economies within the occupied countries. This is because the colonizers were after the raw materials and the riches in the colonies. In addition, the imperial nations could not make sacrifices that were mostly characterized with war in order to maintain colonies. In other instances, decolonization took place because the imperial nations had lost their military prestige, which was mostly lost during wars that the imperials lost. Moreover, there was increased need to liberate people in order to allow them to establish self-rule although this was accompanied by double crosses and bad deals as the colonizing nations attempted to continue holding the countries as colonies. The people themselves also wanted to acquire self-rule that could only be established if decolonization occurred first. These nations fought forcing the imperial nations to pull back. The se reasons among others led to decolonization. We show concern with the issue of decolonization because of one key reason. This is the historical perspective. Here, people can only understand why today’s world is as it is because of learning what happened in the past. Acquiring perspective on the previous occurrences as well as the effects of colonization helps the modern generations to comprehend why today’s world functions in the way it does as well as understand the beginning of modern relationships between nations.

Executive Leadership Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Executive Leadership - Dissertation Example The researcher is effective at team leadership and his team is performing based on Tuckman’s model. His conflict resolution style is collaborative and his spiritual leadership follows Fry’s causal model characterized as high in calling and membership, and correspondingly high in commitment and productivity. The researcher exhibited transactional leadership. The main goal of this researcher is to rev-up his skills and experiences towards transformational leadership, to facilitate his ultimate target of being a transformational coach. The leadership development plan was formulated in the light of the goals and desired outcomes set by this researcher. Table of Contents 1.0. Executive Summary 1 Table of Contents 2 2.0. Introduction 3 3.0. Reflective Self Assessment 4 3.1. Qualities of Leadership 4 3.2. Leadership Skills 5 3.3. Leadership Traits 11 3.4. Leadership Styles 12 3.5. Leader-led Relations 14 3.6. Organizational Politics and Power 14 3.7. Developing Leadership in O thers 15 3.8. Emotional Intelligence 15 3.9. Team Leadership 16 3.10. Conflict Resolution 18 3.11. Charismatic or Transformational Leadership 19 3.12. Spiritual Leadership 20 4.0. Leadership Development Plan 21 5.0. Bibliography 27 Leadership Style and Qualities Questionnaire (2011), viewed 14 April, 2011, http://www.teamtechnology.co.uk/mmdi/questionnaire/ 28 Mental Muscle Diagram Indicator [MMDI] (2011), Free online report: Christy Lewis, viewed 14 April, 2011, http://www.teamtechnology.co.uk/report/online/ 28 6.0. Appendices 29 6.1. Leadership Style and Qualities Questionnaire and Results 29 6.2. 360-Degree Feedback Comparative Results for 2008 to 2011 30 6.3. Interpretation table for the strength of relationship coefficients 32 6.4. Emotional Intelligence Quotient (EIQ): Snapshot Report Screenshot 33 6.5. Output of Statistical Tests 34 6.6. Leadership Style Questionnaire (Essex, 2011) 40 6.7. Leadership Traits Questionnaire 42 6.8. Team Leadership Questionnaire 43 6.9. Conflict Resolution Questionnaire 47 6.10. Transformational Leadership Questionnaire 50 6.11. Spiritual Leadership Questionnaire 52 6.12. Methodology 54 2.0. Introduction â€Å"Leadership is the art of mobilizing others to want to struggle for shared aspirations† (Kouzes & Posner, as cited in Thomas, 2006 p.158). The aforementioned definition of leadership demonstrates this researcher’s simple and all-encompassing vision as a business leader: â€Å"working with people towards our common targets which define our uncommon zeal to innovate and excel†. Hence, this researcher’s personal mission is to â€Å"hone my skills and expertise in order to mature from being a transformational leader to a transformational coach†. This paper is a self-reflection of how this mission can be animated to sustain the aforestated vision. Accordingly, the succeeding paragraphs shall acquaint the reader on the person behind the vision. This researcher is a strategic leader with ove r 15 years of meaningful experience at the management level. The

Ethical leadership that relates to the book three cup of tea Essay

Ethical leadership that relates to the book three cup of tea - Essay Example Tens of thousands of children in Afghanistan and Pakistan have seen the light of the day through his organization. Educate a child, you have educated a generation. Educate a generation, you have educated a country! Revolution through the pen is mightier than the revolution through the gun. The former will come to stay and enrich the society. The later, in the ultimate analysis, will destroy the humanity. Many failed revolutions, bear testimony to this fact and pages of history are daubed in the resultant bloodshed on account of such mindless revolutions. Mortenson was out to conquer K2, the world’s second tallest mountain. That failed, was a personal disaster, he was rather terminally ill caught in a very difficult situation. Residents of a small village in Pakistan, Korphe came to his rescue. He recouped his health with a determination that resulted in a precedent-shattering silent revolution in the field of education. One man’s determination and will had fructified to benefit countless impoverished children. A small project has since grown up into the Central Asia Institute that has demanded attention of all right thinking people across the world. He achieved the impossible in an impossible region. Mortenson recalls his initial experience in the land of so-called Muslim extremists. â€Å"Mortenson was unsure how the mullah felt about having an infidel in the village, an infidel who proposed to educate Korphe’s girls. Sher Takhi smiled at Mortenson and led him to a prayer mat.†(p.142) Humanity had triumphed over religious bigotry! I entirely agree with the viewpoint of Mortenson that America or any other country for that matter must fight Islamic fundamentalism, through collaborative efforts by fighting poverty and providing access to education, including educating the girl-child. This is the only option to permanent peace and to terminate mindless military adventures. I find a very interesting observation about the mind-set and cul ture of the people in the backward mountain area where Mortenson was operating. â€Å"If you want to thrive in Baltistan, you must respect our ways,† Haji Ali said, blowing on his bowl. â€Å"The first time you share tea with a Balti, you are a stranger. The second time, you are an honored guest. The third time you become family.†(p.150) This is the significance of Three Cups, which is a great cultural decoction, that blends people of diverse origin, diverse beliefs and diverse religious affiliations, together. Philosophy and spirituality are not about the scriptures and lengthy text books alone. That which is not practical cannot be spiritual either! Every spiritual idea must stand the test of practicability. To speak about good ideas is good; but to go good work is the best option for humanity. Oratory is not experiencing. Mortenson has shown to the world that a school in a village is more beneficial to the humankind than, lengthy research papers on education read in the air-conditioned auditoriums. The best revolution is silent. The first chapter of the book titled â€Å"Failure† is the foundation stone for the â€Å"educational empire† that Mortenson was to build during the next twelve years, in the region that perhaps gave him his second life. He was spearheading his campaign of education in a region where the literacy rate was 3%. Children wrote on dirt with sticks. The very interesting part of the book is, according to me is the transformation of Mortenson to a

Situational Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Situational Leadership - Assignment Example This model portrays leadership as to having two dimensions. They said that these dimensions were; leaders who were task oriented and leaders who were relationship oriented. The leaders who were relationship oriented laid more emphasis on their relationship with their followers. They tend to create a good working environment by enhancing good relations and follower appreciation. On the other hand is the task oriented leaders who will stop at nothing to achieve their goals or accomplish their professional duties. This meant they are solely determined to perform their tasks irrespective of their relations with the followers This model categorized follower maturity in to four levels. The levels were; the high maturity, moderate maturity which was subdivided into two and finally the low maturity. Each of these levels was characterized by the difference in ability and willingness of an individual. Prior to that, the model had relative comparison of the relationship behavior and the task behavior. This relative comparison gave rise to four quadrants. This model was expressed diagrammatically as illustrated below. In the leadership behavior model we have the four quadrants S1, S2, S3 and S4. (S1) represents low relation and high task leadership behavior. They said that this type of behavior is where the follower character is unable and unwilling and this requires maximum supervision of performance. He referred to this as telling style. The next quadrant (S2) represents a high task high relationship leadership behavior characterized by an unable but willing follower. The situation exhibited here is where the leader gives instruction but expects clarification from the follower. Hersey and Blanchard recommend this a selling style. Quadrant (S3) represents a leadership behavior characterized by high relation and low task which corresponds to unable but unwilling follower. They said that in this situation there ought to be participation. By participation

Admiral George Dewey and Admiral Chester W. Nimitz Essay

Admiral George Dewey and Admiral Chester W. Nimitz - Essay Example In the Navy of the United States, the admiral is a four-star flag officer grade. At the top ranks the Admiral, then the sub-admiral and lower is the Fleet Admiral. There is no a founded ranking above the admiral. Admiral is equal to the position of general in the other uniformed services. In 1899, the Congress acknowledged George Dewey's achievements in the Spanish-American War by empowering the President to select him Admiral of the Navy. In 1944, Chester W. Nimitz was endorsed by the Congress as one of the five-star rank of Fleet Admiral. This paper analyzes the achievements of these two admirals, their leadership traits and their strengths and weaknesses. Introduction While Chester W. Nimitz was still schooling at Tivy High School, Kerrville, Texas, he sought for an appointment to West Point since he had interests on an Army profession. When he missed this chance, he sat for a cutthroat test for Annapolis and was chosen and appointed from the Twelfth Congressional District of Texa s in 1901. In 1905, he left high school to join the Naval Academy Class of that year. He essentially was conferred his high school diploma several years later, after he was a Fleet Admiral. Nimitz was an outstanding student at the Academy, particularly in mathematics and got a distinction. In addition to this, he was an excellent athlete and stroked the squad in his first year class1. After graduating with a distinction from the United States Naval Academy Class of 1905, Nimitz started his profession as a surface officer on several ships. Later, he achieved success as one of the foremost leaders of submarine development and war after being relocated to the new submarine service. These attempts concluded with several aide ranks to flag officers and later control of ships and flotillas2. On the other hand, young Dewey was posted to the steam frigate Wabash after his graduation from the Naval Academy at Annapolis. He stayed here until 1859 when he went back to Annapolis to get his fina l examination. George Dewey got his first assignment on April 18 1861. He became lieutenant, and in the period from 1861 to 1863, he operated on the Mississippi, which was a steam sloop of the West Gulf Squadron. He would not have experienced a lot of service if he had been graduated at a different time. However, that time had a lot of promise for the navy and the army3. Admiral Nimitz had a very admirable and strong character that was characterized with a lot of confidence and patience. For instance, he never wavered from his commitment to task and nation, from rivalry with General MacArthur to the political scheming in the Navy Department. Nimitz never lost concentration of his reliability or the bigger picture of what had to be done for the nation and the war struggle. He deemed himself a man of team and was contented with it. He was not a Man of strict orders but concentrated much on working with the team. He declined several rewarding positions after the Second World War and vi ewed them as not in the best concern of the Navy. Moreover, he did not want to profit on the lives lost during the warfare4. In addition, Nimitz was the pre-renowned carrier strategist of the Pacific. Due to this, Turner (U.S. Naval Academy, 1906) won Nimitz' esteem for leading amphibious associations all through the Pacific in time of the war5. The character of Admiral George is characterized by honesty, refinement, clean and eager, and being a believer in himself6. In the aspects of his command, Dewey knew how to put his foot down with a ton's strength when the situation demanded it. He was fit for leading the United States navy since he created order and discipline, which encompasses the making of a soldier7. It was the routine of Admiral Dewey to abstain from attractive words and used words with accuracy. He definitely did not seek to affirm a case in colors and curves, and yet, through his statements, letters and cables, it is clear that he was a man whose sound was high

Ethical leadership that relates to the book three cup of tea Essay

Ethical leadership that relates to the book three cup of tea - Essay Example Tens of thousands of children in Afghanistan and Pakistan have seen the light of the day through his organization. Educate a child, you have educated a generation. Educate a generation, you have educated a country! Revolution through the pen is mightier than the revolution through the gun. The former will come to stay and enrich the society. The later, in the ultimate analysis, will destroy the humanity. Many failed revolutions, bear testimony to this fact and pages of history are daubed in the resultant bloodshed on account of such mindless revolutions. Mortenson was out to conquer K2, the world’s second tallest mountain. That failed, was a personal disaster, he was rather terminally ill caught in a very difficult situation. Residents of a small village in Pakistan, Korphe came to his rescue. He recouped his health with a determination that resulted in a precedent-shattering silent revolution in the field of education. One man’s determination and will had fructified to benefit countless impoverished children. A small project has since grown up into the Central Asia Institute that has demanded attention of all right thinking people across the world. He achieved the impossible in an impossible region. Mortenson recalls his initial experience in the land of so-called Muslim extremists. â€Å"Mortenson was unsure how the mullah felt about having an infidel in the village, an infidel who proposed to educate Korphe’s girls. Sher Takhi smiled at Mortenson and led him to a prayer mat.†(p.142) Humanity had triumphed over religious bigotry! I entirely agree with the viewpoint of Mortenson that America or any other country for that matter must fight Islamic fundamentalism, through collaborative efforts by fighting poverty and providing access to education, including educating the girl-child. This is the only option to permanent peace and to terminate mindless military adventures. I find a very interesting observation about the mind-set and cul ture of the people in the backward mountain area where Mortenson was operating. â€Å"If you want to thrive in Baltistan, you must respect our ways,† Haji Ali said, blowing on his bowl. â€Å"The first time you share tea with a Balti, you are a stranger. The second time, you are an honored guest. The third time you become family.†(p.150) This is the significance of Three Cups, which is a great cultural decoction, that blends people of diverse origin, diverse beliefs and diverse religious affiliations, together. Philosophy and spirituality are not about the scriptures and lengthy text books alone. That which is not practical cannot be spiritual either! Every spiritual idea must stand the test of practicability. To speak about good ideas is good; but to go good work is the best option for humanity. Oratory is not experiencing. Mortenson has shown to the world that a school in a village is more beneficial to the humankind than, lengthy research papers on education read in the air-conditioned auditoriums. The best revolution is silent. The first chapter of the book titled â€Å"Failure† is the foundation stone for the â€Å"educational empire† that Mortenson was to build during the next twelve years, in the region that perhaps gave him his second life. He was spearheading his campaign of education in a region where the literacy rate was 3%. Children wrote on dirt with sticks. The very interesting part of the book is, according to me is the transformation of Mortenson to a

Admiral George Dewey and Admiral Chester W. Nimitz Essay

Admiral George Dewey and Admiral Chester W. Nimitz - Essay Example In the Navy of the United States, the admiral is a four-star flag officer grade. At the top ranks the Admiral, then the sub-admiral and lower is the Fleet Admiral. There is no a founded ranking above the admiral. Admiral is equal to the position of general in the other uniformed services. In 1899, the Congress acknowledged George Dewey's achievements in the Spanish-American War by empowering the President to select him Admiral of the Navy. In 1944, Chester W. Nimitz was endorsed by the Congress as one of the five-star rank of Fleet Admiral. This paper analyzes the achievements of these two admirals, their leadership traits and their strengths and weaknesses. Introduction While Chester W. Nimitz was still schooling at Tivy High School, Kerrville, Texas, he sought for an appointment to West Point since he had interests on an Army profession. When he missed this chance, he sat for a cutthroat test for Annapolis and was chosen and appointed from the Twelfth Congressional District of Texa s in 1901. In 1905, he left high school to join the Naval Academy Class of that year. He essentially was conferred his high school diploma several years later, after he was a Fleet Admiral. Nimitz was an outstanding student at the Academy, particularly in mathematics and got a distinction. In addition to this, he was an excellent athlete and stroked the squad in his first year class1. After graduating with a distinction from the United States Naval Academy Class of 1905, Nimitz started his profession as a surface officer on several ships. Later, he achieved success as one of the foremost leaders of submarine development and war after being relocated to the new submarine service. These attempts concluded with several aide ranks to flag officers and later control of ships and flotillas2. On the other hand, young Dewey was posted to the steam frigate Wabash after his graduation from the Naval Academy at Annapolis. He stayed here until 1859 when he went back to Annapolis to get his fina l examination. George Dewey got his first assignment on April 18 1861. He became lieutenant, and in the period from 1861 to 1863, he operated on the Mississippi, which was a steam sloop of the West Gulf Squadron. He would not have experienced a lot of service if he had been graduated at a different time. However, that time had a lot of promise for the navy and the army3. Admiral Nimitz had a very admirable and strong character that was characterized with a lot of confidence and patience. For instance, he never wavered from his commitment to task and nation, from rivalry with General MacArthur to the political scheming in the Navy Department. Nimitz never lost concentration of his reliability or the bigger picture of what had to be done for the nation and the war struggle. He deemed himself a man of team and was contented with it. He was not a Man of strict orders but concentrated much on working with the team. He declined several rewarding positions after the Second World War and vi ewed them as not in the best concern of the Navy. Moreover, he did not want to profit on the lives lost during the warfare4. In addition, Nimitz was the pre-renowned carrier strategist of the Pacific. Due to this, Turner (U.S. Naval Academy, 1906) won Nimitz' esteem for leading amphibious associations all through the Pacific in time of the war5. The character of Admiral George is characterized by honesty, refinement, clean and eager, and being a believer in himself6. In the aspects of his command, Dewey knew how to put his foot down with a ton's strength when the situation demanded it. He was fit for leading the United States navy since he created order and discipline, which encompasses the making of a soldier7. It was the routine of Admiral Dewey to abstain from attractive words and used words with accuracy. He definitely did not seek to affirm a case in colors and curves, and yet, through his statements, letters and cables, it is clear that he was a man whose sound was high

Chinese Influence On Your Culture Essay Example for Free

Chinese Influence On Your Culture Essay Historically, Vietnam has undergone many wars with some countries all over the world. After each war, Vietnamese culture was influenced by those countries. Especially, China is the huge country, which dominated Vietnam for a thousand years, (countryside, n,d). Thus, it is no surprise that Vietnamese culture has been affected by Chinese culture in many aspects such as calendar, language, religion and food. The most obvious influence can be seen is the calendar. In Vietnam, there are two different kinds of calendar. First calendar is International calendar, which is counted by the suns circulation. Another calendar is counted by the moons circulation, which is also known as lunar calendar, (fullmoonphases, n.d). Based on lunar calendar, we have some celebrations such as Lunar New Year, which is also called Tet holiday. It is the most important celebration in both countries. Besides that, in August of lunar calendar, Vietnamese have Moon day on 15th, August, which is known as Mid-Autumn festival. In that day, Vietnamese eat moon cakes and children bring lanterns, walking around their neighbors houses. Vietnam and China share similarities in celebrations due to the effect of Chinese calendar. Secondly, the influence of Chinese culture is apparent in Vietnamese language. Because China colonized Vietnam for over a thousand years, the Vietnamese language developed based on Chinese. In the 13th century, Chu Nom, which was known as Vietnamese writing, was developed but it was not popular in daily life of Vietnamese, (lonelyplanet, n.d). Until the 15th century, Vietnamese still used traditional Chinese language and after the middle of 20th century, it was superseded by the new, Latin alphabet, (languagetranslation, n.d). However, the greatest influence on Vietnamese language is Chinese language. It is about 60% of the Vietnamese words that can be known as original Sino-Vietnamese, (Chinatravel, 2014). Besides language that Vietnamese use daily, Chinese also affect Vietnamese literature. When people go to high school, they have to study creation and poetics in origin from China. Up to now, Chinese language still exists in Vietnam as a valuable subculture. Apart from the influences that have been mentioned above, the transformation of religious views is also remarkable owing to Chinas domination. Confucianism appeared in Vietnam in the first century by Chinese, when they were dominating Vietnam. It advocates a code of social behavior that man ought to observe so as to live in harmony with society and attain happiness in his individual life, (Huynh, n.d). Moreover, this religion has a slight point of view about world beyond and death. Besides that, Buddhism is one of the greatest religions all over the world. It is very popular in Asia, (history, n.d). In the second century B.C. Buddhism was introduced by Chinese and Indian, who came by ocean, (Huynh, n.d). As those religious view dated, they have become popular and developed prosperously in Vietnam, especially Buddhism. Finally, Chinese also has wide impacts on Vietnamese cuisine. Vietnamese have rice and vegetable for their mean meals daily. During the time of domination, Chinese people spread their cooking methods to Vietnamese. For example, they taught Vietnamese how to steam and stew in clay pots, (southeastfood, n.d). Furthermore, in some special occasions, both Vietnamese and Chinese people have typical dishes for each celebration. For instance, Lunar New Year is the biggest festival that has tangerines and oranges. It is known as lucky and wealthy fruit. Nevertheless, Chinese and Vietnamese do not organize tangerines and oranges in fours because this number is believed to have a connection with the death, (chow, n.d). In addition, typical food in Mid-Autumn festival is Moon cake. It is made of flour, pork, egg and a lot of kinds of peas, (chinesefood, n.d). During of this time, Vietnamese usually eat moon cakes and drink tea with their family. It is obvious that thanks to China domination, Vietnamese cuisine had a novel and wonderful break-through. In conclusion, the Vietnamese share many similarities in culture with Chinese because of the domination of Chinese. A thousand years is really such a long time to be colonized. Moreover, when Chinese had dominated Vietnam, they left behind many terrible consequences. For example, many people died and Vietnamese had to live independently during the war, which occurred between  Vietnam and China. On the other hand, Chinese directed Vietnamese about language, religions and cuisine in the period of national construction. Up to present, even though Vietnam is a dependent country and about to become a developed country, Vietnamese culture is still influenced by Chinese.

Relationship between prefrontal cortex and antisocial behaviour

Relationship between prefrontal cortex and antisocial behaviour The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is an essential aspect of the frontal lobes in the brain. Executive function is carried out by the prefrontal cortex: where abilities to differentiate among conflicting thoughts and to determine what is good or bad operate. The PFC is connected very compactly with the rest of the brain which allows the PFC to be responsible for guiding features such as memory, emotion, decision-making, planning actions, and attention. If the PFC is damaged and the activity in it is minimal then this affects many things. The PFC could be damaged by lesions or even due to the misuse of drugs or alcohol (Rogers et al., 2010). In turn the damage to the PFC can lead the brain to make irrational decisions; have loss of behavioural control or even have a complete personality change: all of which explain why people may perform antisocial behaviour (ASB). Lesions in the prefrontal cortex have massive effects on decision making. (Manes et al., 2001). ASB stems from the fact that a human being has taken the decision as to whether they should act in a way that is not seen as appropriate in society: therefore, the damage to the PFC may have led them to this decision. Manes (2001) carried out a study to examine this theory. Manes found that out of several different groups he had with lesions in different parts of the brain the group with large frontal lesions was the only group to exhibit risky decision making. This contradicts most other studies: including studies by Benjamin Libet and colleagues which showed that brain activity associated with deliberate decisions can be detected shortly before we are conscious of making the decision. (Libet, 1983) Participants were asked to note when they first felt the intention of making a movement by noting the position of a dot on a computer screen. The participants were first aware of their intentions about 200 milliseconds before actually acting. This is much later than the onset of readiness potential: meaning that the decision to act in a particular way in this study was risky. This experiment was heavily criticised for its accuracy. However, recent research has proven that if anything the actual onset of conscious intention is later. (Lau, 2006). The PFC can not only change the way somebody makes decisions -many studies have proven that lesions in the PFC can cause a complete personality change, where a good mannered personality can be changed instantly to an unpleasant one. (Chow, 2000) This was substantially displayed in the accident of Phineas Gage, (Harlow, 1848) where he survived a horrific accident after a large iron rod went completely through his head, destroying much of his brains left frontal lobe. This accident resulted in a vast personality change of Gage, which raised one of the first discussions as to whether damage to the prefrontal cortex can change a persons behaviour. This then led to even more studies into this issue which resulted in one of the largest studies of patients with brain damage. Grafman (1996) found that the patients that showed an increase in aggression were most strongly associated with PFC lesions in a sample of 279 veterans of the Vietnam War. However, the higher scores were mostly associated with verbal aggression rather than physical. This, yet again, supported Harlows observation of Gage. (Grafman, 1996) The PFC is essential for behavioural control; therefore, this is why PFC lesions lead to ASB. Anti-social behaviour can be described as behaviour that is likely to cause harassment, alarm or distress to [others]. (Riley, 2007). Many studies have demonstrated the direct effect that the PFC has on determining ASB. Violent behaviour is connected with structural and functional shortages in the prefrontal cortex according to many brain imaging studies. A meta-analysis of these studies was carried out by Yang et al (2009), where 43 structural and functional imaging studies were looked at. Results showed an 11% reduction in PFC grey matter in patients with anti-social personality disorder (APD). From all of these studies it was concluded that there is reduced prefrontal structure and function in antisocial individuals. Anderson (1999) also investigated this he examined the long term consequences of PFC lesions before 16 months in two adults. It resulted in the two adults having severely impaired social behaviour despite basic cognitive abilities and also insensitivity to consequences of decisions. The two patients suffered from defective social and moral reasoning; showing attainment of complex social and moral rules had been impaired. This study explained that early prefrontal damage syndrome leads to syndrome resembling psychopathy. A great deal of empirical research demonstrates that mental illness is higher in incarcerated populations and estimates that as many as 25% of defendants evaluated for capability are medically and legally incompetent to stand trial. (Golding, 1984). With this fact in mind, many people argue that minds are simply what brains do (Minsky, 1948) If this is the case then people are controlled by their brain, therefore have little personal choice as to how they behave. It is clear that the PFC has a huge effect on behaviour of human beings. It can have such an effect that it changes a persons entire personality from positive to negative. Anything that minimises the activity in the PFC can lead to negative consequences. It can make somebody less effective at decision making; make people violent and entirely change somebody as a person. All of these things in turn lead to antisocial behaviour which raises huge debate as to whether people who are antisocial due to minimal activity in the PFC are criminals or are innocently mentally ill human beings. It is certain how important the PFC is to the brain and the research that has been carried out shows that we should not abuse the PFC (alcohol, drugs) as it is very significant to enable us to behaviour in a responsible manner.

Black Magic vs. White Magic in Shakespeare’s The Tempest Essays

Black Magic vs. White Magic in Shakespeare’s The Tempest â€Å"A man who governs his passions is â€Å"truly wise†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. The heavens have not seen nor has the earth borne a more glorious person than the man who always obeys reason. Not all the crowns of the world can adorn his head fittingly; only eternity can recompense one of such high virtue. To have a quiet soul is the only pleasure of the world† (Anderson 173-4). Where is the line drawn between good and bad magic? Who decides which form of magic is evil and which is not. Why was there a Glenda the good witch and the wicked witch of the west (Wizard of Oz)? According to Robert S. Ellwood, Magic is widely practiced in primal and traditional societies. In such contexts magic is not simply a pre-scientific way of attaining practical ends- it may also involve at least a partial symbolic recognition of the society’s spiritual worldview and of its gods and myths. In this respect magic often merges with religion, and indeed the line between the two is frequently blurred (Ellwood, Encarta). Prospero definitely exposes the gray ...

Treatment of Eve in Paradise Lost Essay -- John Milton

The treatment of eve in Paradise Lost We can see the poem deals with the entire story of man's fall from grace, including background for Satan's motives. In Paradise Lost, Eve was tricked by Satan, who assumed the form of a serpent, into eating from the Tree of Knowledge. Satan had whispered into her ear when she was asleep, and when he spoke to her later, he used his cunning to mislead her: He ended, and his words replete with guile Into her heart too easy entrance won. Fixed on the fruit she gazed, which to behold Might tempt alone, and in her ears the sound Yet rung of his persuasive words, impregned With reason, to her seeming, and with truth, (Paradise Lost, 733-739). In the poem we get the picture that Adam is lamenting for the mistake they have done and specially blames and insults Eve's female nature and wonders why do god ever created her. She begs his forgiveness, and pleads with him not to leave her. She reminds him that the snake tricked her, but she fully accepts the blame for sinning against both God and him. She argues that unity and love c...

Adolf Hitler Essay

Adolf Hitler remains one of the most infamous figures in human history. He will be known as the worst person at the worst time in human history. When an otherwise indignant Germany actually threw Hitler in jail for his views on overthrowing the government in 1923, all of a sudden is embraced as a patriot and the man who would be able to restore Germany to her past glory only a decade later. There have been scores of psychological books and studies which have tried to explain why an entire nation of sixty million people could have allowed, ignored and even assisted in not only allowing such a man to come to power and to fight and die for his warped sense of justice, but to allow to occur, the worst chapter in human history: The Holocaust. Despite there being no clear reason as to who started World War I and with there occurring a virtual stalemate on the battlefield, Germany was nevertheless blamed for the war and the Allies sought to punish Germany accordingly. In the years that followed, Germany was thrown into a deep depression, filled with record inflation, discontent and frustrations as they sought to find a scapegoat to help explain their problems. Hitler gave the German people the answer that they wanted at the time that they were desperately looking for a leader to pull them out of the meager existence that had plagued Germany since the end of World War I. Hitler would use the benefits of industrialization that had made many fearful and intimated by Germany’s power and military strength. Hitler was therefore able to threaten the world with Germany’s industrial strength through the economic and political climate that was present in Germany at that time. Hitler exploited these to his benefit and to the shame of Germany and the rest of the world. Adolf Hitler became aware of the world during his fighting in World War I. Hitler was twice honored for his bravery and was given the Iron Cross in August of 1918. However, it was his constant fighting with his superiors and violent temper which prevented Hitler from being promoted within the ranks of the Army. Also, Hitler not being a German citizen also served as an impediment. Hitler was a citizen of Austria but had long admired Germany and seemed to feel her pain towards the one sided terms of the Versailles Treaty as much as any German national had felt. Hitler was wounded in the war and was later exposed to chemical gas which some historians and psychologists have given credit to the formulation of hysteria within Hitler. It was during this time that Hitler became convinced that Germany would need to be saved from her current plight and that he was the one who could bring such glory. It was also at this time, as seen five years later in his writing of Mein Kampf, Hitler knew that this would have to be accomplished through the extermination of the Jews. In his autobiography, Hitler states: â€Å"At the beginning of the Great War, or even during the War, if twelve of fifteen thousand of these Jews who were corrupting the he nation had been forced to submit to poison gas and all of her crippling effects, then the millions of sacrifices at the front would not have been made in vain. † Hitler took the lead in blaming the Jews for the troubles of Germany and sought to reclaim her greatness in any ways possible, One of the ways in which Hitler sought to reclaim Germany’s prominence in the world was a rapid arms build up, brought on by her highly industrialized factories. This was in high contrast to the condition that the Treaty of Versailles has left Germany after the war. Germany hade only six battleships, no air force, no submarines and an armed forces of less than 100,000. Hitler sought to overhaul the infrastructure of Germany and was soon involved in the largest physical improvement in German history. â€Å"In only a few short years after Hitler was elected, he had thousands of workers employed, building thousands of bridges, dams, miles of railroads and other most important civil works. † The architect Albert Speer was named the architect of the Reich and was responsible for reviving Germany’s past glory through the construction of stadiums and other monuments to the greatness of the Third Reich to levels that were never before seen in Europe. One of these stadiums was in Berlin as it was the host of the 1936 Olympics. Over 100,000 Germans crammed the seats to see if Hitler’s theories were correct concentrating the racial superiority of the Aryan race. Through the efforts of Jesse Owens and Jesse Metcalf, Hitler was proven wrong. Hitler did not let this minor setback stop him from his building and in flexing the industrial muscle of the German nation. When Hitler took over control, Germany had no air force. In the months leading up to his invasion of Poland, Germany could boast of having the largest air force in the world; three time larger than Britain’s Royal Air Force and even larger than much of America’s armed forces and their isolationist views. This influence towards a more industrialized Germany, did not escape the other forms of German military might. The most modern weaponry the world had ever known, in the form of the toughest tanks, the fastest planes and the most high tech artillery as well as a build up of over a million fighting men by 1935, made Germany a very dangerous member of what would later be known as the Axis Powers. Germany’s industrial might was so strong that Charles Lindbergh, the once hero of American youth, proclaimed that it was in the best interest of America to appease Germany as the United States had no hope of every being able to compete with her military strength and specifically her air power. Lindbergh’s comments propelled his fall from grace but there was scarily anyone who could disagree with his assertions concerning Germany’s superiority on any factual grounds. This was the design of Hitler from the start. Hitler would seek to either scare the surrounding countries into submission or confidently invade with superior forces, brought on by his industrializing of Germany’s factories, those that did not buckle under his threats. In this respect, Hitler was able to incite complete submission and cooperation from countries such as Czechoslovakia, Austria, and Poland without firing a single shot and France after only two weeks of fighting. Had Hitler not sought to build up Germany’s military and economic might through her industrial strengths almost immediately after he took become the Fuhrer and within his preparation in the hope of a much greater victory, these decisive victories would have been unlikely to materialize in the ways in which they did. When the American Stock Market crashed on Tuesday October 29, 1929, not only did America’s financial economy crash but so too did many of the world’s economies. Germany was especially vulnerable because her industry had been built upon foreign trade and foreign capital. Germany’s economy came to a halt when those loans came due and foreign trade stopped. Hitler had now know that his chance to rise had come. Once an unorganized and brutish troublemaker, Hitler had become very politically savvy and knew that a different approach was now needed in order for his views, once seen as reactionary, to be taken seriously. Millions of people were unemployed and thousands of small German businesses had gone out of business. Inflation was very high and starvation on the minds of everyone. That is why Hitler’s 1932 Presidential slogan was â€Å"Freedom and Bread! † Hitler lost the election by seven million votes but was ready for the run off election and it was then that he escalated his attack on the Jews as the source of Germany’s downfall and their removal from Germany being the only way in which Germany could reclaim their glorious past. Hitler was able to exploit the current economic conditions in Germany, only by political means. When Hitler had first attempted to overthrow the German government in 1923, he was swiftly thrown in jail. Hitler recognized the absolute necessity of exterminating democracy from Germany and that in order to do that, he would have to become the ruler of Germany and from there, could rewrite Germany’s laws that would increase his power and help his dream of a new world order, one that would last a thousands years, to be established. It is interesting to see that the political power of the Nazis increased exponentially and in tune with the discontent that the average German felt with his government and Germany’s place in the world. In May of 1924, The Nazi party received only 6. 5% of the popular vote. When the Great Depression finally came to Germany in the summer of 1930, the Nazi Party enjoyed an increase in their political power as they received 18. 3% of the popular vote was able to acquire 107 seats in the Reichstag. When Hitler was announced as the Nazi party’s candidate for president, the Nazi Party received 37. 4% of the vote and by March of 1933, Hitler finally became the chancellor of Germany with more than 43% of the popular vote and the ability to send 288 of their own members to the Reichstag. This was an amazingly quick rise to power for a political party that had once been on the brink of German politics and how was on their way to rule not only Germany, but a dozen other surrounding countries while having designs on the rest of the world. Adolf Hitler Essay Adolf Hitler was a notorious dictator over Germany during World War II. Hitler was a unique but complex individual that was heavenly influenced by his upbringing. Hitler became the dictator over Germany during the years of 1933 to 1945. During his dictatorship, Hitler participated in the World War II and was the cause of the Holocaust. The Great Depression provided Hitler with an opportunity to rule. Once Hitler realized the opportunity to overtake Germany, he began to run for fuhrer. Hitler was elected fuherer over Germany in 1933 and began the rise of the Nazi party. When the year of 1935 came around, Hitler had complete power. He started by beginning the Nazi army and separating the Jews from everyone else. The Jews were sent to very brutal concentration camps where they were held hostage and faced with death. At this time the genocide was in full attack. The mass murder of the Holocaust lasted for approximately four brutal years and ended when the American troops invaded Germany and over powered Hitler. â€Å"Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889 in Braunau, Austria, a small town across the Inn river from Germany. † (Hoffmanl). Hitler moved to Germany in 1893 and remained there until his death. As Hitler grew up he began to have many feuds within his household. Hitler mainly argued with his father, Alois Hitler. His father did not agree with his interest in art and German nationalism. His interest fueled his evil ways. During Hitler’s earlier years as a child his younger brother, Edmund Hitler died. When Edmund died, the family had a falling out and resulted in many problems throughout the family. When Hitler grew up, he moved out of the house and had major money problems. When World War II broke out, Hitler Joined the army and was present in multiple battles. Adolf Hitler pointed out the Jews out of everyone in Germany. Hitler was very active in the German army and participated in World War l. World War I Adolf Hitler Essay Adolf Hitler was one of the most authoritative tyrants of 20th century. He was an originator and leader of the Nazi Party. The crisis in the economy, policy and society form the milieu for Hitler to attain power. Hitler was blessed with powerful speaking excellence. His passion and his speech motivated people tremendously. Hitler observed a nation in misery and promised to build a strong nation, disengage the justice of the Versailles treaty and restore the dignity of German people. During his time, nation was undergoing with unemployment and starving citizens. He promised them for economic success and secure future for the youth. Adolf Hitler was born in Braunau am Inn, Austria, on 20 April 1889. At academic level, he was not an exceptional student as indicated in school records. He dropped school in September 1905 without appearing in final examinations because of a poor school report that drew particular attention to his insufficient command of the German language. School age was very troubled and to defend Hitler, it can be said that teenage years were disturbing due to the deaths of his younger brother Edmund (1900), his father (1903) and his beloved mother (1908). Some biographers have recommended that these deaths and his own survival influenced Hitler that he was marked out by providence for a particular outlook. From school period, Hitler had become a fervent German nationalist. The death of Hitler’s parents had impacted him greatly but he continued his studies in order to obtain an orphan’s annuity. In 1919, he joined a small group called the German’s worker party. Hitler revealed a powerful ability for public speaking as well as giving the new Party its sign the swastika and its greeting â€Å"Heil! † His speech contents were throaty, jarring voice, for all the bombastic, humorless, and melodramatic, which dominated listeners by impression of his tenor of gift for self-dramatization. During 1920, Adolf Hitler was represented as the chief mover in the expansion of a Nazi foreign policy program. Hitler was familiar as Fuhrer of a progress, which had 3,000 members, and improved his individual command by organizing strong- arm squads to keep order at his conventions and ruined those of his rivals during 1921. Hitler had a strong sense of German patriotism. When the First World War broke out, he enrolled for Army, acted as a herald in front. The German conquer sickened him â€Å"However, since the main sources for Hitler’s ideas before 1923 are frequently short police or newspaper reports on speeches lasting between two and three hours, one cannot be entirely confident about conclusions based on this evidence† (Geoffrey Stoakes, pg:5). His rise to authority was entirely resistible. His early life indicates little intelligence or quality of the demagogic leader, which can have such a deep impact on the world arena. Usually, he was out of favor for work, was messy and did not maintain personal discipline. According to his age groups, he was competent of rousing himself over an issue that attracted his mind’s eye. He was a vegetarian. Reading and talking politics, listening to Wagner and watching films were his fervor. Hitler’s reading habits were good and he usually covers the texts at wide level not deeply. His memory was very sharp and he liked the writings of philosopher Nietzsche, Karl May, a writer of Westerns, and works on medicine, biology, astrology and occultism. Though all of them excite him but he did not concentrate intellectual curiosity in any single field. Yet, he measured himself as he had a mastery over history, art and architecture. † Commenting on reading in Mein Kampf, Hitler wrote: â€Å"Reading is not an end in itself, but a means to an end. One who has cultivated the art of reading will instantly discern, in a book or journal or pamphlet, what ought to be remembered because it meets one’s personal needs or is of value as general knowledge† (Hitler 1939:42-3). It is obvious that Hitler tried to communicate the sense of wider learning than, in fact, he actually had. During his student life, his formal education was interrupted but his reliance on self-learning continued with his disdain for intellectuals and formal education. Hitler was a man with a closed mind for whom reading was a means of reinforcing his own prejudices. He had a very selfish, frustrated, distant, unapproachable, lonely young man unloved and unloving personality in Vienna. Hitler was differentiated in mass by his extraordinary power in political convictions and his stanch belief in his own rightness and fortune. Hitler’ main aim was the Nazi movement and to empower Germany. In 1923, Hitler planned to grab control of Bavaria and capture power but he failed. He devised a new style of politics. He understood the significance of rituals and display in mass mobilization. Nazi party line skillfully projected him as a messiah, a savior, as someone who had arrived to overcome people from their distress. Hitler was not an innovative philosopher. He got bundle of ideas from his diverse reading in boyhood and his time in Vienna and later on as a soldier in the First World War. Recent studies verify that personal thinking of Hitler was neither a mess of national baloney nor merely a disciple aspiration to make safe an electoral success earlier to 1933. The obvious truth is that the young Adolf Hitler represent upon a well- established German belief for four of his major ideas that are his unshakeable belief in the superiority of the German race and particularly of Aryans; his utter contempt for parliamentary democracy; his belief in the heroic leader figure; and his vehement anti-Semitism. In Hitler’s Weltanschauung (worldview), major themes show the roots and past history his nationalist thought. This was due to Hitler’s capacity to activate a mass movement and ultimately secure supremacy on the basis of these thoughts. Hitler loathed the ramshackle and international Empire and enthusiastically believed that Germans rule must be there without compromise to the Slavs and other peoples. There is a light sarcasm that Hitler’s obsessive German nationalism sprung from his Austrian roots. In Vienna Hitler started his political apprenticeship through careful observation of the demagogic method of Karl Lueger, leader of the Christian Social Party and mayor of the city. Hitler admired Lueger because â€Å"he had a rare gift of insight into human nature and was very careful not to take men as something better than they were in reality† (Hitler 1939:94). Lueger’s scorn was shared by Hitler for the masses and identified with his obsessive, anti-Semitism with its vicious sexual connotation and apprehension with racial purity. Hitler had a great influence in the importance given to the fable of Aryan race preeminence and the keeping out of Jews from the Volk group of people. Even though Hitler and pan-German agitators had difference of opinion on nationalistic thoughts, Hitler straight away impacted on Munich through the self-dramatization talent where he rapidly gained a status as a populist demagogue. In August 1920, he was phrased as the sharpest of all protesters â€Å"carrying out mischief in Munich† by the Social Democratic Munchner Post. Hitler would later assert that his ideas had been definitely time-honored before 1914. Hitler’s hub of infatuated viewpoint and chauvinisms continued steady but in mid 1920s, his worldwide view modified and crystallized. His antipathy towards Marxism was firmly linked by his anti-Semitism approach, which was viewed as its political and ideological expression; his own self-image went through a process of change; and the geopolitical idea of Lebensraum appeared as a central board of Germany’s upcoming foreign policy. Hitler was much affected by experiencing war, the mortification of defeat and the radical turbulence in Munich. These all provided him with chances to publicize his right-wing analysis (David Welch, pg: 4-12). By any elongate of the thoughts Hitler’s rise and fall was unusual. It was surprising that he was not a scholar. He created no great workings of philosophy or art. He was not a mastermind-armed leader. He remained in command for 12 years and by 1941 he ruled a European empire not seen during Napoleon. He was also the troublemaker of a genocidal war of supreme scope and viciousness. Adolf Hitler Essay Winston is not ignorant and loyal to Big Brother, he lacks the ability of ‘doublethink’ and does not completely believe everything he is told especially since his job at the Ministry of Truth is rewriting history. For history being rewritten by the Party shows the repressive control on the past and future because we depend on knowing the mistakes of the past in order to correct them in the future, â€Å"Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past. † Orwell demonstrates that people can be controlled through cultural conditioning, this is because people will put their faith in a government that they believe tells them the truth. Winston’s profession leads him to rebel against the Party by writing about the present in his diary to inform the people of the future what actually occurred in the past. Winston wrote in his diary entry, â€Å"If there is hope†¦ it lies in the proles. † This rebellious thought written in Winston diary shows that the proles are the only ones that can actually rebel against the Party because the proles aren’t put in rigorous monitoring that members of the Party, like Winston, are. This is because the Party sees the proles as not intelligent since they seem pleased with their life because they are satisfied to have food, shelter and entertainment. This links back to what I stated about the proles being the largest population in Oceania and are being manipulated by the Party, this is the reason why they didn’t overthrow the Party because they have an elevated image for the Party without realising that they are living in poverty. Orwell creates a picture of a society that is influenced by the government through Winston diary. The word ‘hope’ indicates that something virtuous may happen and this would cause the readers to believe that Winston rebellious tactic of writing in his diary would be the spark that saves Oceania. Another form of Winston rebellion against the Party is the forbidden love between him and Julia. From the third person narrative we’re informed of Winston emotions for Julia. At the beginning Winston disliked and desired to rape and kill Julia. When Winston first encounters Julia, he doesn’t want to lie to her, so he introduces himself to her by saying, â€Å"I hated the sight of you. I wanted to rape you and then murder you afterwards. † Julia being a part of the Junior Anti- Sex League and working in the Ministry of Truth causes Winston to be suspicious of Julia as she could be a spy working with the Inner Party. Orwell could be showing us how oppressed Winston truly is since he wants to do horrid things to Julia because he desires her and doesn’t trust her at the same time, Winston assumes Julia is a part of the thought police. In Oceania the society is influenced by the government through destroying trust between people, the creation of the thought police and the fear that lies in Room 101. This is the reason why Winston struggles to trust Julia until she confesses to him by slipping a note that says, â€Å"I love you. † This causes him to be confused about his emotions because his heart tells him that he loves her, but his brain screams she’s a traitor working as a spy for the Inner Party. Nevertheless, this doesn’t stop Winston from pursuing a sexual relationship with Julia as a form of rebellion. When Mr Charrington let Winston rent a room without telescreen for him and Julia to have an illegal love affair, this was the spark that lead him and Julia to the Ministry of Love to be tortured until the only love they could have was for Big Brother. This is because the government is determined to stop them as they are trying to abolish orgasm, removing all human bonds. â€Å"The sex instinct will be eradicated. † Orwell shows how the Party is dehumanising citizens by the uses of dialogue which is said by O’Brien, a member of the Inner Party, in Room 101 to Winston. The word ‘eradicated’ would make the readers realise that the Party motive is to have total control over Oceania by taking away pleasure from the citizens. This could be a way for Orwell to remind the readers the importance of feelings because emotions are a part of human nature. Emotions are significance to humans because feelings serve important functions and are very necessary, even though they can be really painful at times. This is because they provide information just like senses. The Party wanting to get rid of an emotion like pleasure would dehumanise the citizens of Oceania because pleasure brings an experience that is positive, enjoyable and worth seeking. To take that away would make brainwashing people a lot easier for the Party. Similar to Winston and Julia’s forbidden love, Katniss and Peeta on-screen romance in the arena defies the Capitol when they threaten to eat poisonous berries. The Gamemakers’ wanted to make the final more entertaining so declared that only one victor can win. Katniss figures out that the Gamemakers never intended to let her and Peeta survive, this suggesting they wanted to create a dramatic fight to the death between Panem’s star-crossed lovers. For Katniss to suggest that she and Peeta to give the Capitol no victor is the greatest act of rebellion against the Capitol in the novel. A victor is needed is an element for the Capitol to enforce fear in the citizens of Panem. Without a victor Panem would acknowledge the oppressive ruling because if Katniss and Peeta carried out their dual suicide, the Hunger Games would have been deeply distressing to the viewer’s living in the Districts and Capitol. The pain that was supposed to provide entertainment would have become too disturbing for the public to watch. It may even start another rebellion in Panem because people would be more aware of the Capitol actions and treatment to innocent people living in the Districts. The Hunger Games would go from being amusing to a real-life tragedy. Collins shows the readers the dangers of ‘nightlock’ by a minor flashback Katniss had about her father, â€Å"Not these, Katniss. Never these. They’re nightlock. You’ll be dead before they reach your stomach. † The dialogue spoken by Katniss father, who was a coal miner that taught Katniss hunting skills, shows that Katniss is purposely rebelling against the Capitol to the readers by suggesting to eat the berries. Collins could be warning us that the creation of a perfect society is a goal that is incompatible with human nature. In conclusion, 1984 and Hunger Games are the most-powerful written novels warning us against a totalitarian regime. Although, Orwell uses Winston to convey a message to the readers that humans cannot rebel successfully against a totalitarian regime whilst Collins uses Katniss to convey a message of hope and human strength, both authors still use the protagonist to give a warning to resist or rebel against a corrupted regime, highlighting the dangers of a totalitarian state. Winston was unsuccessful in rebelling against Big Brother which had caused him to become ignorant and loyal because he is able to doublethink, something he was not able to do before. He is able to believe that â€Å"2+2=5† and the Party’s slogan, â€Å"WAR IS PEACE, FREEDOM IS SLAVERY, and IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH† which are all obvious lies. Orwell uses an oxymoron to show us that Winston no longer exists as a thinking individual, he exists only as a puppet of Big Brother. Winston’s unsuccessful rebellion could be an indication that Orwell is informing us that humans will lose their individuality if under enough fear and will not retain traditional values if they believe themselves to be in danger. Katniss, unlike Winston, stays strong and doesn’t lose herself to an oppressive regime. Katniss rebellion doesn’t end in her outsmarting the Capitol and Gamemakers when her and Peeta win the 74th Hunger Games, â€Å"and right now, the most dangerous part of the Hunger Games is about to begin. † The dialogue spoken by Katniss shows us that her rebellion isn’t over and would be continued by Collins. Orwell and Collins warn us of giving too much power to a government. If there is no rebellion, the totalitarian dictatorship only gets stronger with the passage of time. We learnt in history that giving dictators too much power has caused human to lose value. Reference:  http://blogs.britannica.com