Use of Computer Systems

INTRODUCTION Computer systems are a very important part of our world today and are seen almost anywhere. It has got to that stage where computer systems are a part of pretty much all we do. In this same sense, anybody who has no computer knowledge whatsoever would be regarded as an illiterate in full years to come and with this regard; we can say that not having any knowledge of computers is like not attending a school at all. This article explains how and where computer systems are important to our lives and different sectors or environments.THE EFFECTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS ON DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS Computer systems are being used nowadays in different and dynamic areas which include Banking, industry, Education, Business, Home, Networking, games etc. Banking: Computer systems play a major role in banking systems because even without being a computer literate or genius, a person can easily spot that computers are important in this sector because once a person steps into a banking env ironment, computers are seen everywhere.But to be specific, computers are used for various tasks in the banking sector. a. The transaction task: personal computers are the best for these kinds of job because they are used to record simple transactions that involve sending out and receiving money. These tasks don’t require any big or super computers because even a little calculator can calculate. Personal desktop computers are mostly preferred and required because they are used to record these transactions as well as storing them on an online server database. b.Administrative tasks: the computer plays a major role here by being used to manage offline databases that contain human resource information that include number of staff, health benefits, salary, age, and sometimes being used to generate salary pay cheques unlike the old ways which included filing paper documents which is harder and slower to locate when needed. c. Authentication purposes: computers are used to instantl y connect with other branches of the same banks every time information is needed. This makes it easier for customers to walk into any bank (asides their headquarters or where their account was opened) to make transactions

Explain why the open war Essay

World War 1 had begun in August with both sides certain that their sudden attacks with cavalry and infantry would create a war of rapid movement, which would bring them a swift victory. The ending of this possibility and build up towards a stationary war of fixed entrenchment was not only due to the failure of the Schlieffen Plan and Plan XVII, but the problems in communications, problems faced through tactics and strategies and the role of the commanders throughout the planning and progression of the war. The possibility of further outflanking movements was gone. The initially hastily constructed trenches of the allied forcers took on a more permanent look as two massive armies consisting of over 4 million men faced each other over 800 kilometres of continuous trench lines from the coast of Belgium to the Swiss border. For the next four years, the rival commanders struggled and blundered in an attempt to find a way to break the stalemate, which had emerged by the end of 1914. In order to break the stalemate there were two major offensives remembered from 1916, which both failed but were attempts none the less. Both sides had become aware that it was easier to hold a defensive position than it was to launch an offensive. However, this did not stop them, launching repeated disastrous offensives, relying on weight of men, artillery and supplies to crumble the opposition through attrition and each side endeavored to weaken the other. The generals decided only a ‘big push’ would be able to break through the enemy lines and restart the war of rapid movement. This was not achieved until the attrition of 1915-18 finally weakened the German lines in mid-1918. The Schlieffen Plan, originally devised by Alfred von Schlieffen, the then German Army Chief of Staff, in 1905, was the German Plan which would they would implement to avoid a war on two fronts. Schlieffen argued that France had to be defeated as soon as possible in the event of a great European War. If that were to happen, Schlieffen realised that Russia and France would be unwilling to continue fighting. In addition, Schlieffen estimated that it would take Russia six weeks to mobilise her forces in preparation for war against them. Thus, he reasoned that Germany would have six weeks in which to defeat France and surrender. On August 2nd 1914 the Schlieffen Plan was put into effect and the German Army began its advance upon France through Belgium. The delicate plan was upset with the early arrival of the British Expeditionary Force under Sir John French, significant resistance by the Belgian Army, resistance of the Belgians and the early arrival of Russian Forces. The German implementations and strategies relied too heavily on the Schlieffen Plan itself. The plan greatly depended on speed and movement, the strict deadline of 42 days was impractical, this unreasonable goal was pushed further away from the Germans. General von Moltke did not follow through the original Schlieffen Plan; instead, he had shifted the numbers of the planned armies and therefore altered the balance for the plan to work. All these events led up to the Battle of the Marne, the first major battle on the Western Front. The French Allied victory at this battle marked the failure of the Schlieffen Plan, and the death of any German hope for a quick decisive victory. The German forces were not only to blame for the reason of stationary war during 1914, the problems with the French Plan XVII also contributed to the fact.

Authenticity in Trumpet

Authenticity in Trumpet Jackie Kay’s novel Trumpet depicts characters who naturally challenge the conventional perceptions of race, gender, identity, and other socially constructed aspects of humanity. The text is set in the United Kingdom in the early to mid twentieth century, a time when being unconventional in these respects was particularly taboo. Kays novel establishes that many facets of identity cannot be viewed through an essentialist lens, and Kay uses the believable authenticity of her characters to exemplify this idea by pitting authenticity against societal norms. The main characters of the novel exhibit a variety of unconventional characteristics. Joss Moody, for example, is the biracial offspring of a Black man and a White woman, and the text frequently alludes to the inevitability of his parents’ marriage creating tensions and obstacles during his youth, even without directly depicting much of his childhood. Joss also marries Millie, a White woman, despite everyone perceiving him as incontrovertibly Black; Millie’s own family is reluctant to accept the aberrant relationship that she cements with Joss. Above all, though, the most pertinent challenge to societal norms is the fact that Joss is biologically female and living as a heterosexual man. This challenge is compounded by Joss and Millie adopting a son, Colman, to satisfy Millie’s yearn for a child. Even adopted children are faced with the life of being inherently unconventional, simply because they are raised by guardians other than their biological parents. With regard to the very unconventional characteristics depicted in the text, though, Kay makes a point to balance them against a conventional perception in such a way as to prove that these conventions are not fixed. Rather, conventional observers erroneously fail to consider perspectives that society has marginalized. For example, Kay bothers to mention several times that Colman actually favors his father, especially in his youth; consequently, many people make the mistake of claiming to see a resemblance that biologically is not present. On a more significant level, everyone in the text believes unquestioningly that Joss is a man until it is found out that he is biologically female. Joss lives as a man in every aspect of his life, even in ways that would not be necessary if he were only doing so to be a Jazz musician (i.e. courting, dating, marrying, and having frequent sex with Millie); this lifestyle points to the authenticity of Joss’s masculinity given that the very idea of authenticity is left undefined and undisputed. Even after learning that Joss is biologically female and still consenting to marry him, Millie only questions her relationship with Joss relative to having a baby; even then, she does not question the validity of the relationship. She genuinely asks herself, â€Å"Why can’t he give me a child? He can do everything else. Walk like a man, talk like a man, dress like a man, blow his horn like a man. Why can’t he get me pregnant† (Kay 61). Millie refers to Joss with masculine pronouns and describes the several ways in which Joss is every bit the man she wants. The only aspect of manhood she cannot find in him is the biological one, a factor that speaks to the authenticity of Joss’s gender challenging his sex. Late in the novel, Millie describes part of her and Joss’s morning routine after they had been married for a while, and what she describes further establishes masculinity as Joss’s authentic persona. It also alludes to her love for the man that Joss was as opposed to any attempt to delude herself into believing he was a man in order to facilitate some counterfeit love. She says, I wrapped two cream bandages around his breasts every morning, early. I wrapped them round and round, tight. I didn’t think about anything except doing it well. [†¦] I don’t remember thinking much. I had to help him get dressed so that he could enjoy his day and be comfortable. [†¦] He was always more comfortable when he was dressed. More secure somehow. My handsome tall man. He’d smile at me shyly. He’d say, ‘How do I look?’ And I’d say, ‘Perfect. You look perfect’ (Kay 317-8). In this passage, Millie says multiple times tha t she didn’t think about anything other than ensuring that her husband was comfortable. His security was her primary concern, and after Joss was dressed and secure in his manhood, they were both at ease. She is even able to admire the man she helps to build, an admiration which makes nothing but sense in light of the clichà © school of thought that every good man is a man that a good woman helped to build. Through instances such as the morning routine, Trumpet uses Joss’s authenticity to challenge the conventional views of gender in the early twentieth century. In doing so, Kays text parallels this major challenge with several other ancillary challenges to societal norms. The purpose of this pervasive trope is to show the variability of identity that the most rigid traditional conventions refuse to acknowledge.

Abramski vs. United States Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Abramski vs. United States - Research Paper Example It should be noted that it is at this gun store at Pennsylvania that the gun was transferred to the uncle after he (the uncle) successfully passed the federal background check for the firearm position. Neither the two were prohibited by the law to possess a firearm (Abramski v. United States, 2013). In fact, before Abramski bought the gun, he inquired the legality of the process he intended to follow to purchase the gun for his uncle three federally licensed dealers who ascertain for him that the intended sale was legal. However, since Abramski bought the firearm from a dealer licensed by the federal government, he had to fill a formed indicated that he was the â€Å"actual buyer.† Nonetheless, the ATF claimed that his uncle was the â€Å"actual buyer† and to this effect, Abramski made a false statement by filling out the firearm purchase form; hence, Abramski was convicted of felony. From the facts above, it is evident that neither Abramski nor his uncle was prohibited from buying a firearm for another legible user or possessing a gun. Additionally, the transfer of the firearm in question between the two followed a due procedure; therefore, Abramski was unduly convicted for the purchase and transfer of the gun to his uncle. Therefore, following the conviction, the following concerns need to be addressed. 1. Is a gun buyer’s intent to sell the firearm to another buyer a â€Å"material fact† under 18 U.S.C.  § 922(a) (b), a firearm disclosure statute? 2. Is a federally licensed firearms dealer required to keep information regarding a purchaser’s intent to sell a firearm to another person? Reactions to the above concerns in the order of listing It is worth noting that the federal law illegalizes a person buying of a gun from a federally licensed dealer â€Å"knowingly to make any false or fictitious oral or written statement †¦ intended or likely to deceive †¦ with respect to any fact material to the lawfulness of the sale †¦.† 18 U.S.C.  § 922(a) (6). Notably, this is the provision of the federal government that it uses to prosecute the â€Å"straw purchases†. This provision prohibits an individual (the â€Å"straw purchaser†) from buying a firearm on behave of another person (the â€Å"actual buyer†). According to the government, this process may be a maneuver that may be used actual buyer to obtain a firearm even if the actual buyer is legally deterred from buying the same. It should be noted that the treatment of the final owner of the firearm as the actual buyer and purchaser as a â€Å"straw man† are doctrine created by the court. According to the court, a buyer’s intent is to resell the gun to another user who cannot purchase the same legally and this contributes to a fact â€Å"material to lawfulness of the sale.† However, the fourth and sixth as well as the eleventh circuit are separated from the fifth and ninth circuits that try to determine whether ultimate owner of the firearm can legally buy a gun. Notably, the law court concluded this case that the actual buyer’s identity is material regardless of legality of a person who can buy the gun or note. In other words, under  § 922(a) (6), the identity of firearm purchaser is usually constant or is material reg ardless of the lawfulness of the actual purchaser of the firearm. Combining the effects or understanding of these provisions, the laws therefore dictates that the terms of sales may change depending on the purchases identity; hence, the purchaser remaining material to the lawfulness with firearm sale does not exist in this case. The above

Disertation proposal, perception of nuclear power, associated risks, Dissertation

Disertation proposal, perception of nuclear power, associated risks, and communication strategy - Dissertation Example The cheap, safe and reliable energy sources could predetermine both a society’s functioning as a whole and any individual’s well-being in particular. Against the background of rapidly rising energy consumption worldwide and more or less dwindling reserves of fossil fuel, along with still unfolded potential and certain limitations concerning the electricity generation from renewable sources, nuclear power appears to become an increasingly reasonable option - at least according to many governments, scientists and professionals. In the case of the public opinion, however, the overall picture is alarmingly different. According to a selection of reputable opinion polls conducted in the UK between 2004 and 2007, there is low support for nuclear energy, especially compared with energy from renewable sources (Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, 2007, p.3). In 2010, just 38 per cent of the respondents to a Cardiff University/Ipsos MORI poll ‘believed the benefi ts of nuclear power outweighed the risks and only 39 per cent trusted the industry to run the plants safely’ (Ecologist, 2010). ... Given the legacy of the Cold War thinking, reinforced by past and recent incidents in nuclear plants like those in Chernobyl and Fukushima, along with the usual mistrust towards the government, such a trend is not a complete surprise; moreover, most of the people as a whole, and perhaps a good deal of those polled in particular, either don’t fully realise the scale and consequences of the climate change, or do consider them a faraway future and therefore not an issue to worry about, as against the existing, yet greatly exaggerated, immediate risks for people’s health and lives, which appear to form the poor image of nuclear power. This issue is being repeatedly addressed by governmental and scientific reports, documents and writings, with varying, but definitely insufficient effect, as seen from the latest polls’ results. Though the set of intentions and recommendations contained in those writings, aimed at influencing the public opinion, is considered generally correct, namely well-targeted educational campaigns, nuclear waste solutions, continued focus on safety, etc., the result, or more precisely the faint result, implies two possibilities: These efforts would need much longer time to bear fruit; There is something wrong with the messages themselves – whether in terms of formulation and clarity, or in the way they are communicated to the general public; As in most of the cases, the truth might lie in somewhere between the two – whereas a daunting task, like gaining public support for something that full of misconceptions and therefore so badly understood by the average person in the street, as nuclear power, inevitably

Visual Arts and Film Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Visual Arts and Film Studies - Essay Example Neoclassical Art, on the other hand, is more inclined to the more political and unemotional aspects. Delacroix’s ‘Sea of Galilee’ and Watteau’s ‘The Storm’ in comparison are two different paintings in the language of art. One of the paintings is clearly a Romantic period piece of art work while the other one comes from the Neo-classical period of art. The differences are not so difficult to spot; even from a mile away. ‘The Storm’ by Watteau is of the Neo-classical age. On the other hand, ‘The Sea of Galilee’ is a romantic era work of art. There are a lot reasons and differences to back this argument up. Each of the paintings holds the characteristics within them that reveal the characteristics of the different styles of painting. Let us first consider the characteristics of neo-classicism and romanticism Neoclassicists had the belief that man is the supreme power above all else and that the center of though and truth rests with man. As Alexander Pope put it, â€Å"the proper study of mankind is man.† Neoclassicists always aimed to attain perfection. They strictly believed in order and reason, also in intellect, in the quest for perfection. Romanticism is the era that opposed them. Romanticism followed the neoclassicism era. Romantics directly opposed neoclassicism; they passionately believed that neoclassicism was not it and turned to nature’s guiding forces in their paintings. ... This began in the middle 1700’s. Much of this was attributed to the need to break from the playful and whimsical art of the Rococo period. Believers and followers of the neoclassicism wanted art to be what it had been in ages gone by; they wanted the traditional ways and splendor of art from ancient Rome and Greece. Neoclassicists had the feeling that, the periods of Enlightenment and the Rococo period, were not expressing people’s discomfort that came about as a result of the nobility lifestyle and the increasing demand for a democratic society. Neo classical Art contain classical themes; the subjects are usually placed in archaeological settings and the people are normally dressed in costumes from classical times. Neoclassicists also had Roman and Greek elements integrated in their paintings and portraits. The paintings had mythological fabled beings and creatures in them. Neoclassicism was also designed in order to, please senses, to teach morals, and lessons in mora ls. They were inclined towards historical paintings. On the other hand, romantic art have beginnings that can be traced back to the 18th and the 19th centuries. Romanticism was a rejection and change-over from neoclassicism and the neo classical period. It began as some form of intellectual movement by artists; they hoped to divulge from the traditional art values of neoclassical art. Romantic Art was characterized by subjectivism, individualism, nature and emotions. These are the values in which they believed in and had a passion for over intellect. Romantic Art and paintings mainly consist of the dramatic and bold works of art. They featured exoticism, nationalism, heroism, and individualism. Nature was supreme during this period. Most artists painted

Judicial Review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Judicial Review - Research Paper Example The increasing relevance and growth of judicial review is as a result of the growth of the administrative functions and powers in the modern world and can be understood from a historical perspective. The period before 19th century was characterized by a societal mode of life known as laissez faire which connotes total individual freedom, contractual freedom, a free individual enterprise which diminish the government control and functions. In a laissez faire society the role of the state is negative and is limited to defending the country especially from external aggression. The advent of industrial revolution in the 19th century manifested that the bargaining power of individuals was not equal and that un-controlled bargaining power would lead to exploitation of poor majority by the rich minority. This makes it important for the State’s intervention in individual matters. The state thus took more positive and active role in matters which affected the citizens directly. This le ad to the birth of the Social Welfare State, whose advent led to a phenomenal increase in scope and content of the functions and powers of the State. The state from then on, through the machinery of state corporations and executive arm, took over a very large portion of what was matters of private individuals and started to profoundly control what remained in the private domain. (Jain, 3) an administrative law author summarised the functions of the state in a social welfare system as follows: â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.the state today pervades every aspect of human life; it runs buses, railways and postal services; it undertakes socio-economic planning, improves slums, plans urban and rural life, looks after health, societal morals and education of the people, generates electricity, works mines and operates key and important industries; acts as an active instrument of socio-economic policy, regulates individual life and freedom to a large extent; benefits its citizens and imposes social control and regulation over private enterprise.† A state has three organs which are the judiciary, the executive and the legislature which perform independent and different functions. Increase in the state functions would obviously mean increase in work for all state organs. But this is not the case as the largest range of the powers and functions of the state has been taken by the executive arm which is also known as the administrative arm of the state. In the modern times the executive arm performs functions which are ex facie and which belong to the other organs of the state. The executive performs the legislative power by making a plethora of rules, orders, by-laws and regulations. This is designated as subordinate or delegated legislation. The executive also performs adjudicative powers over disputes through the commissions, tribunals and many other quasi- judicial bodies which have diversified jurisdiction, structure, powers and procedures. They make binding decisions li ke those of ordinary courts. The reason for subsidiary legislation is that the legislature lacks time and expertise to handle the mass all the legislative detail required to govern a state. The

American Advertising Federation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

American Advertising Federation - Research Paper Example Complex consequences of such progress of information-communication technologies for the sphere of media today still cannot be estimated unequivocally. It is obvious, that such development means the technological evolution of traditional media. An example of the transformation of wired networks in independent sector of the media industry has already shown, that the creation of new technology of distribution of television signals has led to the occurrence of the new form of the television business offering to an audience a new product and new services. The similar chain is observable by consideration of a course of technological progress in other media. In general, it can be presented as follows: What counts as new media is often debated, and is dependent on the definitions used. There is no one united definition for the term 'new media'. According to Chun & Keenan (2006, p.1), "the term 'new media' came into prominence in the mid-1990s, usurping the place of 'multimedia' in the fields of business and art...Although new media depended heavily on computerization, new media was not simply 'digital media': that is, it was not digitized forms of other media (photography, video, text), but rather an interactive medium or form of distribution as independent as the information it relayed".

The Credit Crunch Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Credit Crunch - Literature review Example Due to its major significance, the term was included in the latest edition of the Concise Oxford English Dictionary, meaning "an economic condition in which it suddenly becomes difficult and expensive to borrow money" (Oxford University Press,n.d.). A credit crunch is characterized by a shortage of funds in the credit market, resulting in decreased possibilities for credit agreements and increased levels of official interest rates. Economist John Hull (2009) argues that the origins of the credit crunch (which started in the US) can be found in the housing market. "The U.S government was keen to encourage home ownership. Interest rates were low. Mortgage brokers and mortgage lenders found it attractive to do more business by relaxing their lending standards () Banks thought the "good times" would continue and () chose to ignore the housing bubble..." Simply put, people were spending more money than they actually had - an inconsistency that grows into what economists call a "bubble" - the inflation of global property prices. A vicious circle is formed - prices rise, causing the number of credits to rise as well, which in turn makes prices rise even more. At some point, a large number of credits started to default. Property prices began to drop and so the "bubble" burst. On a related note, Mizen (2008, p. 564) points out that the most recent credit crunch was preceded by a prosperous period, which generated a certain degree of carelessness throughout the economy. "Financial innovation had () introduced greater complexity, higher leverage, and weaker underlying assets based on subprime mortgages." Mizen defines a subprime mortgage as a riskier bank product - a loan given to a person with non-standard income or credit profile, which was often mispriced. They provide good returns, compared to other asset classes, and therefore receive high ratings. However, they are not as safe as they seemed because they are tied to house prices. When prices drop, foreclosures becom e more frequent. Losses escalated and banks took measures by lowering credit availability. White (2008, p. 2-3) states that "Borrowers with inadequate income relative to their debts, many of whom had either counted on being able to borrow against a higher house value in the future in order to help them meet their monthly mortgage payments, or on being able to "flip" the property at a price that would more than repay their mortgage, began to default. Default rates on nonprime mortgages rose to unexpected highs. The high risk on the mortgages came back to bite mortgage holders, the financial institutions to whom the monthly payments were owed. Financial institutions that had stocked up on junk mortgages and junk-mortgage-backed securities found their stock prices dropping. The worst cases, like Countrywide Financial, the investment banks Lehman Brothers and Merrill Lynch, and the government-sponsored mortgage purchasers Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, went broke or had to find a last-minu te purchaser to avoid bankruptcy."